A general framework to support cost-efficient survey design choices for the control of soil-transmitted helminths when deploying Kato-Katz thick smear
To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about...
Saved in:
| Published in | PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 17; no. 6; p. e0011160 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.06.2023
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011160 |
Cover
| Abstract | To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%).
We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making.
For all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school).
KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%).
We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making.
For all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school).
KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. Background To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%). Methodology We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making. Principal findings For all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school). Conclusions/Significance KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%). We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making. KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. Background To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%). Methodology We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making. Principal findings For all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school). Conclusions/Significance KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%).BACKGROUNDTo monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%).We developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making.METHODOLOGYWe developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making.For all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school).PRINCIPAL FINDINGSFor all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school).KK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCEKK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. BackgroundTo monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children, deploying Kato-Katz thick smear (KK). However, it remains unclear whether these recommendations are sufficient to make adequate decisions about stopping preventive chemotherapy (PC) (prevalence of infection <2%) or declaring elimination of STHs as a public health problem (prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity (MHI) infections <2%).MethodologyWe developed a simulation framework to determine the effectiveness and cost of survey designs for decision-making in STH control programs, capturing the operational resources to perform surveys, the variation in egg counts across STH species, across schools, between and within individuals, and between repeated smears. Using this framework and a lot quality assurance sampling approach, we determined the most cost-efficient survey designs (number of schools, subjects, stool samples per subject, and smears per stool sample) for decision-making.Principal findingsFor all species, employing duplicate KK (sampling 4 to 6 schools and 64 to 70 subjects per school) was the most cost-efficient survey design to assess whether prevalence of any infection intensity was above or under 2%. For prevalence of MHI infections, single KK was the most cost-efficient (sampling 11 to 25 schools and 52 to 84 children per school).Conclusions/significanceKK is valuable for monitoring and evaluation of STH control programs, though we recommend deploying a duplicate KK on a single stool sample to stop PC, and a single KK to declare the elimination of STHs as a public health problem. Worldwide large-scale deworming programs are implemented to reduce the morbidity attributable to intestinal worms in school children. To monitor and evaluate the progress towards the programs’ goals, Word Health Organization (WHO) has developed both a survey design and a corresponding decision tree based on the prevalence and intensity of infections. However, these programs operate in resource-constrained countries, and hence it is crucial to minimize the operational costs to survey worm infections while ensuring the correctness of the program decision. To further support WHO in more evidence-based recommendations for cost-efficient decision-making, we developed a general framework that captures both the operational resources to perform surveys and the variation in test results when deploying the current diagnostic standard. Subsequently, we determined the most cost-efficient survey design to decide to stop the deworming programs and to verify whether the morbidity attributable to intestinal worms has been eliminated as a public health problem. Generally, we found that the current WHO-recommended survey design may not allow for optimal decision making. Based on our results, we proposed alternative survey designs for each of the worm species and program targets. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Coffeng, Luc E. Leta, Gemechu Tadesse Kazienga, Adama de Vlas, Sake J. Levecke, Bruno |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, CHINA 2 Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 3 Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium – name: 3 Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – name: 2 Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands – name: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, CHINA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Adama orcidid: 0000-0002-6093-9648 surname: Kazienga fullname: Kazienga, Adama – sequence: 2 givenname: Bruno surname: Levecke fullname: Levecke, Bruno – sequence: 3 givenname: Gemechu Tadesse surname: Leta fullname: Leta, Gemechu Tadesse – sequence: 4 givenname: Sake J. surname: de Vlas fullname: de Vlas, Sake J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Luc E. surname: Coffeng fullname: Coffeng, Luc E. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37347783$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9k9tu1DAQhiNURA_wBggsISFustixYye9QVXFoaISN3BteZ3xxq1jL7a3VXkQnheHblG3qlCkJJp888_M78xhteeDh6p6SfCCUEHeX4RN9Mot1j4PC4wJIRw_qQ5IT9u6EbTdu_e-Xx2mdIFx27cdeVbtU0GZEB09qH6foBV4iMohE9UE1yFeohxQ2qzXIWakQ8o1GGO1BZ9LOF7BDRog2ZVHegxWQ0ImRJRHKLDPMTgUDErBujpH5dNkc4YBjeAm6_OY0PUIviisXbixfoW-qhzqcvtVJKy-RGkCFZ9XT41yCV5sn0fVj08fv59-qc-_fT47PTmvNW_aXHf9kg18qTjjS6z6QTRGdKxrOO_ZkkKvBcWEYdFjNnQDpT20ApZdpyhoinlPj6rXt7qlmyS3libZdLSjtCVMFOLslhiCupDraCcVb2RQVv4NhLiSKmarHUhiCGOs0YR3LTOMK8pFw5nglPWG6Fnrw7baZjnBoIujxfgd0d0v3o5yFa4kwbQhnLGi8G6rEMPPDaQsJ5s0OKc8hM3ceNOzpmPNXOzNA_Tx8bbUSpUJrDehFNazqDwRLacY844UavEIVa4BJltOHYwt8Z2Et_cSRlCunHxwm2yDT7vgq_uW_PPi7g8twPEtoGNIKYKR2mY165QWrCvWyHkd7oaT8zrI7TqUZPYg-U7_v2l_AD-zENs |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012435 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0309816 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012481 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciae020 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007446 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009422 10.1093/cid/ciab196 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0268 10.1186/s13071-019-3686-2 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010353 10.1093/infdis/jiz535 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.005 10.1093/cid/ciab192 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90144-Q 10.1186/s13071-015-0702-z 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006562 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001806 10.1093/trstmh/trab020 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.05.009 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009740 10.1017/S0031182013002266 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright: © 2023 Kazienga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science 2023 Kazienga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2023 Kazienga et al 2023 Kazienga et al |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright: © 2023 Kazienga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science – notice: 2023 Kazienga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2023 Kazienga et al 2023 Kazienga et al |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7QL 7SS 7T2 7T7 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FD 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BENPR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W FR3 FYUFA GHDGH H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M0S M1P M7N P64 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011160 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive) Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Public Health Database Technology Research Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC ProQuest Central Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Health & Medical Research Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Health & Safety Science Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Public Health |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Survey designs for STH control programs |
| EISSN | 1935-2735 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2838335147 oai_doaj_org_article_1f14442c16854f46a36726476349f1c7 PMC10321644 A756300681 37347783 10_1371_journal_pntd_0011160 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Ethiopia |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Ethiopia |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ; – fundername: ; grantid: NWO, grant 016.Veni.178.023 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD ECGQY EMOBN ESX F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR IHW ITC KQ8 M1P M48 O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PV9 RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP ADRAZ H13 IPNFZ NPM PJZUB PPXIY RIG WOQ PMFND 3V. 7QL 7SS 7T2 7T7 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO F1W FR3 H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI 7X8 PUEGO 5PM AAPBV ABPTK M~E |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-89b4d6ba646b0a9d72f784826694b3e9c7301407904d8d339e57eb88a3ec30693 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| IngestDate | Sun Aug 06 00:45:53 EDT 2023 Wed Aug 27 01:30:43 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:37:09 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 04:17:37 EDT 2025 Sat Jul 26 00:22:42 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 17 21:33:58 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 10 20:31:31 EDT 2025 Thu May 22 21:22:41 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:05:01 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 00:55:02 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:08:01 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright: © 2023 Kazienga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c625t-89b4d6ba646b0a9d72f784826694b3e9c7301407904d8d339e57eb88a3ec30693 |
| Notes | new_version ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6093-9648 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2838335147?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%&accountid=15518 |
| PMID | 37347783 |
| PQID | 2838335147 |
| PQPubID | 1436337 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_2838335147 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_1f14442c16854f46a36726476349f1c7 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10321644 proquest_miscellaneous_2829428427 proquest_journals_2838335147 gale_infotracmisc_A756300681 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A756300681 gale_healthsolutions_A756300681 pubmed_primary_37347783 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pntd_0011160 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0011160 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-06-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 2023 text: 2023-06-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA |
| PublicationTitle | PLoS neglected tropical diseases |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS Negl Trop Dis |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | W Moser (pntd.0011160.ref020) 2018; 12 LJ Stuyver (pntd.0011160.ref025) 2021; 15 P Cools (pntd.0011160.ref008) 2019; 13 JE Truscott (pntd.0011160.ref023) 2019; 12 O Johnson (pntd.0011160.ref030) 2021; 72 World Health Organization (pntd.0011160.ref001) LE Coffeng (pntd.0011160.ref006) 2023 C Olives (pntd.0011160.ref027) 2012; 6 AF Niguse (pntd.0011160.ref010) 2020 B Levecke (pntd.0011160.ref022) 2014; 141 MJ Denwood (pntd.0011160.ref016) 2012; 188 pntd.0011160.ref004 pntd.0011160.ref005 LE Coffeng (pntd.0011160.ref015) 2021; 72 SJ De Vlas (pntd.0011160.ref012) 1992; 8 pntd.0011160.ref024 World Health Organization (pntd.0011160.ref002) 2020 pntd.0011160.ref003 S Khurana (pntd.0011160.ref009) 2017; 7 A Kazienga (pntd.0011160.ref007) 2022; 16 LE Coffeng (pntd.0011160.ref013) 2020; 221 MD Lim (pntd.0011160.ref026) 2018; 12 JC Dunn (pntd.0011160.ref011) 2020; 13 B Speich (pntd.0011160.ref017) 2015; 8 GT Leta (pntd.0011160.ref014) 2020; 13 S Knopp (pntd.0011160.ref018) 2014; 90 M Myatt (pntd.0011160.ref028) 2005; 83 B Nikolay (pntd.0011160.ref021) 2014; 44 B Levecke (pntd.0011160.ref019) 2021; 15 PJ Diggle (pntd.0011160.ref029) 2021; 115 |
| References_xml | – volume: 13 start-page: e0007446 year: 2019 ident: pntd.0011160.ref008 article-title: Diagnostic performance of a single and duplicate Kato-Katz, Mini-FLOTAC, FECPAKG2 and qPCR for the detection and quantification of soil-transmitted helminths in three endemic countries publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007446 – volume-title: Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030 ident: pntd.0011160.ref001 – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: pntd.0011160.ref011 article-title: The increased sensitivity of qPCR in comparison to Kato-Katz is required for the accurate assessment of the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in settings that have received multiple rounds of mass drug administration publication-title: Parasit Vectors – volume: 15 start-page: e0009422 year: 2021 ident: pntd.0011160.ref025 article-title: The role of diagnostic technologies to measure progress toward WHO 2030 targets for soil-transmitted helminth control programs publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009422 – volume: 72 start-page: S195 year: 2021 ident: pntd.0011160.ref015 article-title: Survey design to monitor drug efficacy for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab196 – volume: 12 year: 2018 ident: pntd.0011160.ref026 article-title: Diagnostic tools for soil-transmitted helminths control and elimination programs: A pathway for diagnostic product development publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: pntd.0011160.ref014 article-title: National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia publication-title: Parasit Vectors – ident: pntd.0011160.ref024 – volume: 90 start-page: 535 year: 2014 ident: pntd.0011160.ref018 article-title: Diagnostic accuracy of Kato–Katz, FLOTAC, Baermann, and PCR methods for the detection of light-intensity hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Tanzania publication-title: Am J Trop Med Hyg doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0268 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: pntd.0011160.ref023 article-title: Heterogeneity in transmission parameters of hookworm infection within the baseline data from the TUMIKIA study in Kenya publication-title: Parasit Vectors doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3686-2 – volume: 16 start-page: e0010353 year: 2022 ident: pntd.0011160.ref007 article-title: Two-stage lot quality assurance sampling framework for monitoring and evaluation of neglected tropical diseases, allowing for imperfect diagnostics and spatial heterogeneity publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010353 – ident: pntd.0011160.ref005 – ident: pntd.0011160.ref003 – volume: 221 start-page: S531 year: 2020 ident: pntd.0011160.ref013 article-title: Impact of different sampling schemes for decision making in soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz535 – year: 2023 ident: pntd.0011160.ref006 article-title: A general framework to support cost-efficient fecal egg count method and study design choices for large-scale STH deworming programs–monitoring of therapeutic drug efficacy as a case study publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis – volume: 188 start-page: 120 year: 2012 ident: pntd.0011160.ref016 article-title: Quantifying the sources of variability in equine faecal egg counts: implications for improving the utility of the method publication-title: Vet Parasitol doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.005 – volume: 72 start-page: S172 year: 2021 ident: pntd.0011160.ref030 article-title: Model-based geostatistical methods enable efficient design and analysis of prevalence surveys for soil-transmitted helminth infection and other neglected tropical diseases publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab192 – volume: 83 start-page: 756 year: 2005 ident: pntd.0011160.ref028 article-title: Using lot quality-assurance sampling and area sampling to identify priority areas for trachoma control: Viet Nam publication-title: Bull World Health Organ – volume: 8 start-page: 274 year: 1992 ident: pntd.0011160.ref012 article-title: Underestimation of Schistosoma mansoni prevalences publication-title: Parasitol Today doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90144-Q – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2015 ident: pntd.0011160.ref017 article-title: Quality control in the diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides using the Kato-Katz technique: experience from three randomised controlled trials publication-title: Parasit Vectors doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0702-z – volume: 12 start-page: e0006562 year: 2018 ident: pntd.0011160.ref020 article-title: Diagnostic comparison between FECPAKG2 and the Kato-Katz method for analyzing soil-transmitted helminth eggs in stool publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006562 – volume: 6 start-page: e1806 year: 2012 ident: pntd.0011160.ref027 article-title: Multiple category-lot quality assurance sampling: a new classification system with application to schistosomiasis control publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001806 – ident: pntd.0011160.ref004 – year: 2020 ident: pntd.0011160.ref010 article-title: Evaluating the Performance of Diagnostic methods for soil transmitted helminths in the Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia publication-title: BMC Infect Dis – volume: 115 start-page: 208 year: 2021 ident: pntd.0011160.ref029 article-title: Rethinking neglected tropical disease prevalence survey design and analysis: a geospatial paradigm publication-title: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trab020 – volume: 44 start-page: 765 year: 2014 ident: pntd.0011160.ref021 article-title: Sensitivity of diagnostic tests for human soil-transmitted helminth infections: a meta-analysis in the absence of a true gold standard publication-title: Int J Parasitol doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.05.009 – volume-title: 2030 targets for soil-transmitted helminthiases control programmes year: 2020 ident: pntd.0011160.ref002 – volume: 7 start-page: 86 year: 2017 ident: pntd.0011160.ref009 article-title: Laboratory diagnosis of soil transmitted helminthiasis publication-title: Trop Parasitol – volume: 15 start-page: e0009740 year: 2021 ident: pntd.0011160.ref019 article-title: Assessment of the required performance and the development of corresponding program decision rules for neglected tropical diseases diagnostic tests: Monitoring and evaluation of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs as a case study publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009740 – volume: 141 start-page: 1826 year: 2014 ident: pntd.0011160.ref022 article-title: Effect of sampling and diagnostic effort on the assessment of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis and drug efficacy: a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey publication-title: Parasitology doi: 10.1017/S0031182013002266 |
| SSID | ssj0059581 |
| Score | 2.414504 |
| Snippet | To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250 children,... Background To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250... Worldwide large-scale deworming programs are implemented to reduce the morbidity attributable to intestinal worms in school children. To monitor and evaluate... BackgroundTo monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250... Background To monitor and evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening stools from 250... |
| SourceID | plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | e0011160 |
| SubjectTerms | Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Chemotherapy Children Consent Control programs Costs Decision making Design Diagnosis Disease transmission Eggs Environmental DNA Frameworks Helminthiasis Infections Medicine and Health Sciences Polls & surveys Public health Quality assurance Quality control Risk factors Sampling Schools Simulation Social Sciences Soils Survey design Surveys Tropical diseases |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lj9MwELZQD4gL4r1ZChgJiVPYJHb8OBbEaoW0nFhpb1FiO7SiTapNCoIfwu9lxk7CBq20Fy49xNO0nhnPfCPPg5A3eDlVGSXiFBQi5mlWxroCY2iVrS034GE0FjiffxZnF_zTZX55bdQX5oSF9sCBcSdpDZCfZyYVKuc1FyUTEpw4HAuu69T4OvJEJ2MwFWxwrnM_nhTQCVZcZXIommMyPRlk9G7f9NbfQ6S-PeVfp-R7908WerHftt1N8PPfLMprbun0Abk_4Em6Cvt4SO645hG5ez7cmD8mv1f0a-gsTesxD4v2Le0Oe0Te1LRdHzvfRwJ-AB5ffXc_qfV5HRRMI9oRCsCWAlCkQ147bWvatZtt3KOj2216QK107ba7TdOvO_pj7Rp4A04SBr9Icep6DB-_KKbWf6PdDg7XE3Jx-vHLh7N4mMUQG4iQ-ljpiltRlYKLKim1lVktFYfYRGheMaeN9LGa1AkHMTOmXS5dpVTJnIGoRLOnZNG0jTsi1Jo6sYlwubV468oqVXKbSmkhXga86SLCRmEUZmhUjvMytoW_fZMQsATeFijCYhBhROLpW_vQqOMW-vco54kW22z7B6B8xaB8xW3KF5FXqCVFqFmdjEWxkth2LREqjchbT4HmAjZhyqHqAViBjbdmlMsZJRxzM1s-Qk0c99IVgAuxYC7l8C-Wo3bevPx6WsaXYlZd49oD0mQawk-eAc2zoMwTP5hkXErFIqJmaj5j2Hyl2ax9f3Ls0QhROD_-Hyx-Tu5lgCtDdt6SLPqrg3sBOLCvXvoj_wcVZVjZ priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Rb9MwELZGJyEkhGDAVhhgJCSewpLYieMHhDq0aUJahRCT9hYltrNWtEloUhD8EH4vd46TETTBSx_iS9vY5893ubvvCHmFwalcJbEXgEJ4PAgzT-YAhjrRheYKThiJBc7n8_jsgn-4jC53yLyvhcG0yh4TLVDrSuE78iM4BrE-KODiXf3Vw65RGF3tW2hkrrWCfmspxm6RXYDkyJ-Q3eOT-cdPPTZHMrJtS8FqwUqsULhiOiaCI7d2b-qy1TY-EVjayuvDynL6D8g9qVdVc5NZ-nd25R_H1el9cs_ZmXTWKcYDsmPKPXL73EXS98jd7n0d7cqQHpJfM3rVMVDTos_Xom1Fm22NFjpVVdN6xvJNwA_C5c0384Nqm_9BAUIRbygYwBQMSury32lV0KZarrwWD8T1sgXrli7Mar0s20VDvy9MCd-AHYfh_KTYnd2Dj58UU_C_0GYNm_ARuTg9-fz-zHM9GzwFnlTrJTLnOs6zmMe5n0ktwkIkHHyYWPKcGamE9emE9DmoA2PSRMLkSZIxo8B7kewxmZRVaQ4I1arwtR-bSGuMzrI8ybgOhNDgV4NdaqaE9YuTKkdojn01VqmN0glwbLq5TnFJU7ekU-INd9Udocd_5I9x3QdZpOO2F6rNVep2dxoU4JfyUAVxEvGCxxmLBViagN1cFoESU_ICtSbtalsHUElnAunZ_DgJpuS1lUBYgYdQmauOgKlAgq6R5OFIEuBAjYYPUDP7Z2nS640Dd_baevPwy2EYvxSz70pTbVEmlOCm8hBk9jvlHuaDCcaFSNiUJCO1H03YeKRcLiyPOXI5grfOn_z7fz0ld0KwLLv8vEMyaTdb8wwswTZ_7rb3b6NqXfM priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | A general framework to support cost-efficient survey design choices for the control of soil-transmitted helminths when deploying Kato-Katz thick smear |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37347783 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2838335147 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2829428427 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10321644 https://doaj.org/article/1f14442c16854f46a36726476349f1c7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011160 |
| Volume | 17 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3da9swEBddCqUvY9_NlmUaDPbkEtuyPh7GSEtLGbSMsUDejC3JTWhiZ7GzrftD9vfuTv5gHi178YN1ku3TnXQ_3-mOkHfonEq15J4PAuExP0g8lcJiaKTJDNOwwyg84Hx5xS9m7NM8mu-RtmZrw8DyTmiH9aRm29Xxz2-3H0HhP7iqDcJvOx1v8so4z4LPAcTvO48RBvOxzq8QqUj6zQG6-3oekoNQhEwIGfb2KpfSv1u4B5tVUd5llf4bXPnXbnX-iDxszEw6reXiMdmz-RNycNk40p-S31N6XSecplkbnkWrgpa7DfKC6qKsPOvSS8AD4Pb2u72lxoV7UGAaLi8U7F0K9iNtwt1pkdGyWK68Cve_9bICY5Yu7Gq9zKtFSX8sbA4jYIFh2C4pFmP34PKLYsT9DS3XoHPPyOz87OvphdeUaPA0AKfKkyplhqcJZzydJMqIIBOSAWThiqWhVVo4CCfUhMHsh6GykbCplEloNYAVFT4ng7zI7RGhRmcTM-E2MgadsWEqE2Z8IQzAaDBD7ZCE7WTEuslfjmU0VrFzygnAMTVvY5zNuJnNIfG6Xps6f8d_6E9wnjtazL7tbhTb67hR5tjPAIayQPtcRixjPAm5AMMSlmqmMl-LIXmDUhLXR1m7NSSeCszGNuHSH5L3jgLlGj5CJ81hCGAF5uPqUY56lKD9utd8hJLYfksZg7mI5-h8Bm8xaqXz7ua3XTMOisF2uS12SBMoQKUsAJoXtTB3_GhVY0hkT8x7DOu35MuFS1uOqRsBnLOX9w76ihwGYEPWkXgjMqi2O_sabL4qHZMHYi7gKk_9Mdk_Obv6_GXs_p-MnYL_AW2nWno |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELemTgIkhGB8rDCYkUA8heXDiZOHCXWwqWNrhdAm7S0ktrNWtElpUqbxh_Dn8Ldx5zgZQRM87aUP8SWNfZe739n3QcgrPJxKRRhYDgiExRw3saIUlKEMZSaZAAsTYYLzaBwMT9nHM_9sjfxqcmEwrLLRiVpRy0LgHvkOmEHMD3IYf7f4ZmHXKDxdbVpoJKa1gtzVJcZMYseRurwAF67cPfwA_H7tugf7J--HlukyYAnA_pUVRimTQZoELEjtJJLczXjIAHUHEUs9FQmuvRAe2Qwm4HmR8rlKwzDxlAC8jcWYwASsM9xA6ZH1vf3xp8-NLfAjX7dJBZSEmV8uN8l7Hnd2jKy8XeSV1Ochji6TeWUcdQ-B1lL0FrOivA4G_x3N-Yd5PLhP7hlcSwe1ID4gayrfILdG5uR-g9yt9wdpnfb0kPwc0PO64jXNmvgwWhW0XC3QI6CiKCtL6foW8IdwefldXVKp400oqGzUbxQANwUAS028PS0yWhbTmVWhAZ5PK0DTdKJm82leTUp6MVE5PAE7HIO9ptgN3oKfHxRD_r_Scg7cfEROb4R7j0kvL3K1SagUmS3tQPlS4mmwl4YJkw7nEvx4wMGqT7yGObEwBdSxj8cs1qeCHBypeq1jZGlsWNonVnvXoi4g8h_6PeR7S4vlv_WFYnkeG20SOxn4wcwVThD6LGNB4gUckC3YChZljuB9so1SE9e5tK0Siwccy8HZQej0yRtNgWoMJiESk40BS4EFwTqUWx1KUD-iM7yJktnMpYyvPlS4s5HW64dftsP4UIz2y1WxQho3AreYuUDzpBbudj087jHOQ69Pwo7YdxasO5JPJ7puOtaOdAD_P_33e22T28OT0XF8fDg-ekbuuIBq69jALdKrliv1HFBolb4wnzolX25au_wGgdWZCA |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF5VqVQhIQTl0UChiwTiZOLH2msfKpTSRi2lUYWo1Juxd9dNRGKH2KEqP4Qfxa9iZr12Marg1EsO3rFj74xnvvG8CHmFwalUhIHlgEBYzHETK0pBGcpQZpIJsDARFjifjIPDM_bh3D9fI7-aWhhMq2x0olbUshD4jXwAZhDrgxzGB5lJizjdH71bfLNwghRGWptxGokZsyB3dbsxU-RxrK4uwZ0rd4_2gfevXXd08Pn9oWUmDlgC_IDKCqOUySBNAhakdhJJ7mY8ZIDAg4ilnooE1x4Jj2wGD-N5kfK5SsMw8ZQA7I2NmcAcrHOw-uAIru8djE8_NXbBj3w9MhUQE1aBudwU8nncGRi5ebvIK6ljI45umXltKPU8gdZq9BazorwJEv-d2fmHqRzdJ_cMxqXDWigfkDWVb5KNExPF3yR362-FtC6Bekh-DulF3f2aZk2uGK0KWq4W6B1QUZSVpXSvC_hDOLz8rq6o1LknFNQ36joK4JsCmKUm954WGS2L6cyq0BjPpxUgazpRs_k0ryYlvZyoHK6A047BdlOcDG_Bzw-K6f9faTkHbj4iZ7fCvceklxe52iJUisyWdqB8KTEy7KVhwqTDuQSfHjCx6hOvYU4sTDN1nOkxi3WEkINTVe91jCyNDUv7xGrPWtTNRP5Dv4d8b2mxFbg-UCwvYqNZYicDn5i5wglCn2UsSLyAA8oFu8GizBG8T3ZQauK6rrZVaPGQY2s4OwidPnmjKVClwUOIxFRmwFZgc7AO5XaHElSR6CxvoWQ2z1LG1y8tnNlI683LL9tlvChm_uWqWCGNG4GLzFygeVILd7sfHvcY56HXJ2FH7Dsb1l3JpxPdQx37SDrgCzz9933tkA3QMvHHo_HxM3LHBYBbpwluk161XKnnAEir9IV50yn5ctvK5TcO9p1M |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+general+framework+to+support+cost-efficient+survey+design+choices+for+the+control+of+soil-transmitted+helminths+when+deploying+Kato-Katz+thick+smear&rft.jtitle=PLoS+neglected+tropical+diseases&rft.au=Kazienga%2C+Adama&rft.au=Levecke%2C+Bruno&rft.au=Leta%2C+Gemechu+Tadesse&rft.au=de+Vlas%2C+Sake+J&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0011160&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0011160&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37347783&rft.externalDocID=37347783 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |