Dietary total antioxidant capacity and odds of lung cancer: a large case-control study

• Published in: BMC cancer Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1196 - 9
• Main Authors: Toorang, Fatemeh, Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat, Sasanfar, Bahareh, Rashidian, Hamideh, Hadji, Maryam, Gholipour, Mahin, Marzban, Maryam, Bakhshi, Mahdieh, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Boffetta, Paolo, Zendehdel, Kazem
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 27.09.2024; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cancer Research; Case-Control Studies; Cigarettes; Diet; Diet - adverse effects; Energy; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Females; Food; Health aspects; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Humans; Indoor air quality; Iran - epidemiology; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology; Lung Neoplasms - etiology; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical research; Medicine/Public Health; Methods; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Oncology; Physiological aspects; Prevention; Provinces; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Smoking; Surgical Oncology; Water pipes; Iran
• ISSN: 1471-2407; 1471-2407
• DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12914-2

Highlights Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer among males and the third most common cancer among females worldwide. Focusing on primary prevention may be the main strategy for reducing the overall mortality of LC, especially in LMICs. This study showed that dTAC assessed either by FRAP or TRAP procedure is inversely associated with the odds of LC. The strong association in all subgroups, emphasizes the importance of an antioxidant-rich diet in all subjects even in nonsmokers with a lower odds of lung cancer. Background& aims We aimed to study the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and lung cancer (LC) odds in an Iranian population. Methods We recruited histopathologically diagnosed LC patients and healthy subjects from 10 provinces of Iran. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire to collect demographic and other non-dietary information. Dietary habits in the previous year were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We calculated daily energy and nutrient intakes using the USDA Food Composition Table. DTAC was assessed as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP) whose scores were calculated using published databases. The odd ratios (OR) of LC and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, we assessed the associations in stratified groups of age, gender, tobacco including waterpipe smoking, and opium use. Results Six hundered and sixty patients and 3,412 healthy controls were included in our study. Higher FRAP and TRAP scores were associated with a lower odd of LC (FRAP, upper tertile (T3) vs. lower tertile (T1): OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40–0.68; TRAP, T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.57) with a significant dose-response trend for both scores ( p  < 0.01). The inverse association was seen for both indicators in all histologic types of LC and in all stratified analyses including male/female, tobacco smokers/nonsmokers, opium users/nonusers, water pipe users/nonusers, and subjects under/over 50 years of age. However, Interaction between none of these variables with dTAC scores was significant. Conclusion Higher dTAC is associated with a lower odd of LC. The strong association in all subgroups highlights the importance of an antioxidant-rich diet intake in all subjects, even in the low-risk group.