Changes in Plasma Lactate and Pyruvate Concentrations after Taking a Bath in Hot Deep Seawater
The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed...
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| Published in | The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine Vol. 201; no. 4; pp. 201 - 211 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
Tohoku University Medical Press
01.12.2003
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0040-8727 1349-3329 1349-3329 |
| DOI | 10.1620/tjem.201.201 |
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| Abstract | The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed for 10 minutes in DSW, surface seawater (SSW), and tap water (TW) heated to 42°C. Plasma samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 60 minutes after bathing. The scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. In the DSW bathing, plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations showed no significant changes immediately after bathing or 60 minutes after bathing. In contrast, subjects who bathed in SSW showed a significant decrease in lactate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing compared with immediately after bathing. Subjects who bathed in TW showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations immediately after bathing compared with before bathing, and they showed a significant decrease in lactate and pyruvate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing. We found no significant change in the thermal sensation score in the DSW bathing, though significant differences were found between before and immediately after bathing in the SSW and TW groups. Moreover, the score decreased significantly 60 minutes after bathing compared to immediately after bathing in the TW bathing. Higher concentrations of salts contained DSW such as sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, and silicate-silicon may have a good influence on human health. Although additional studies are needed to support our findings, DSW is the mildest water to the human body among the three kinds of water, since no significant changes in the items measured were found only in DSW. |
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| AbstractList | The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed for 10 minutes in DSW, surface seawater (SSW), and tap water (TW) heated to 42 degrees C. Plasma samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 60 minutes after bathing. The scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. In the DSW bathing, plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations showed no significant changes immediately after bathing or 60 minutes after bathing. In contrast, subjects who bathed in SSW showed a significant decrease in lactate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing compared with immediately after bathing. Subjects who bathed in TW showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations immediately after bathing compared with before bathing, and they showed a significant decrease in lactate and pyruvate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing. We found no significant change in the thermal sensation score in the DSW bathing, though significant differences were found between before and immediately after bathing in the SSW and TW groups. Moreover, the score decreased significantly 60 minutes after bathing compared to immediately after bathing in the TW bathing. Higher concentrations of salts contained DSW such as sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, and silicate-silicon may have a good influence on human health. Although additional studies are needed to support our findings, DSW is the mildest water to the human body among the three kinds of water, since no significant changes in the items measured were found only in DSW.The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed for 10 minutes in DSW, surface seawater (SSW), and tap water (TW) heated to 42 degrees C. Plasma samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 60 minutes after bathing. The scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. In the DSW bathing, plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations showed no significant changes immediately after bathing or 60 minutes after bathing. In contrast, subjects who bathed in SSW showed a significant decrease in lactate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing compared with immediately after bathing. Subjects who bathed in TW showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations immediately after bathing compared with before bathing, and they showed a significant decrease in lactate and pyruvate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing. We found no significant change in the thermal sensation score in the DSW bathing, though significant differences were found between before and immediately after bathing in the SSW and TW groups. Moreover, the score decreased significantly 60 minutes after bathing compared to immediately after bathing in the TW bathing. Higher concentrations of salts contained DSW such as sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, and silicate-silicon may have a good influence on human health. Although additional studies are needed to support our findings, DSW is the mildest water to the human body among the three kinds of water, since no significant changes in the items measured were found only in DSW. The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed for 10 minutes in DSW, surface seawater (SSW), and tap water (TW) heated to 42 degrees C. Plasma samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 60 minutes after bathing. The scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. In the DSW bathing, plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations showed no significant changes immediately after bathing or 60 minutes after bathing. In contrast, subjects who bathed in SSW showed a significant decrease in lactate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing compared with immediately after bathing. Subjects who bathed in TW showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations immediately after bathing compared with before bathing, and they showed a significant decrease in lactate and pyruvate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing. We found no significant change in the thermal sensation score in the DSW bathing, though significant differences were found between before and immediately after bathing in the SSW and TW groups. Moreover, the score decreased significantly 60 minutes after bathing compared to immediately after bathing in the TW bathing. Higher concentrations of salts contained DSW such as sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, and silicate-silicon may have a good influence on human health. Although additional studies are needed to support our findings, DSW is the mildest water to the human body among the three kinds of water, since no significant changes in the items measured were found only in DSW. The use of deep seawater (DSW) in thalassotherapy has begun in Japan. To clarify the health effects of DSW on the human body, we investigated the changes in plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, or subjective judgment scores, after bathing at rest in 9 healthy young men. Subjects were immersed for 10 minutes in DSW, surface seawater (SSW), and tap water (TW) heated to 42°C. Plasma samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 60 minutes after bathing. The scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. In the DSW bathing, plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations showed no significant changes immediately after bathing or 60 minutes after bathing. In contrast, subjects who bathed in SSW showed a significant decrease in lactate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing compared with immediately after bathing. Subjects who bathed in TW showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations immediately after bathing compared with before bathing, and they showed a significant decrease in lactate and pyruvate concentrations 60 minutes after bathing. We found no significant change in the thermal sensation score in the DSW bathing, though significant differences were found between before and immediately after bathing in the SSW and TW groups. Moreover, the score decreased significantly 60 minutes after bathing compared to immediately after bathing in the TW bathing. Higher concentrations of salts contained DSW such as sodium, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, and silicate-silicon may have a good influence on human health. Although additional studies are needed to support our findings, DSW is the mildest water to the human body among the three kinds of water, since no significant changes in the items measured were found only in DSW. |
| Author | Shibuya, Norio Yamamoto, Masaharu Tsuchiya, Yasuo Tazawa, Teruyuki Nakamura, Kazutoshi Shimizu, Tomihiro |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Shimizu, Tomihiro organization: Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Joetsu University of Education – sequence: 1 fullname: Shibuya, Norio organization: Niigata Collage of Medical Technology – sequence: 1 fullname: Nakamura, Kazutoshi organization: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Tsuchiya, Yasuo organization: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences – sequence: 1 fullname: Tazawa, Teruyuki organization: Aquatic Health Association – sequence: 1 fullname: Yamamoto, Masaharu organization: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtherbio_2017_06_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jes_2017_05_022 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1745_4514_2010_00379_x crossref_primary_10_1620_tjem_203_175 crossref_primary_10_1111_jjns_12131 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02897696 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtherbio_2022_103430 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1537/ase1911.86.51 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199604)19:4<456::AID-MUS5>3.3.CO;2-I 10.4049/jimmunol.126.4.1360 10.3143/geriatrics.30.174 10.1007/s00296-002-0189-8 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.022764 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00840.x 10.1080/00140139608964456 10.1007/s002960000085 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.948 10.1007/s002960050107 10.1265/ehpm.2002.189 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02557.x 10.1007/s100670170097 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.293af.x |
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(1981) Studies on the bioperiodicity of the immune response: 1. Circadian rhythms of human T, B and NK cell traffic in the peripheral blood. J. Immunol., 126, 1360-1363. Davies, S.F., Iber, C. & Path, M.J. (1986) Effect of respiratory alkalosis during exercise of blood lactate. J. Appl. Physiol., 61, 948-952. Neumann, L., Sukenik, S. & Buskila, D. (2001) The effect of balneotherapy at the Dead Sea on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin. Rheumatol., 20, 15-19. Yorozu, H., Eguchi, Y., Sunakawa, M., Kohmoto, T. & Komoto, Y. (1986) Research for carbon dioxide bathing V. Effects of the artificial CO2-bathing on blood lactic acid and myalgia. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 49, 89-94. (in Japanese with English summary) Elkayam, O., Ophir, J. & Yaron, M. (2000) Immediate and delayed effects of treatment at the Dead Sea in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol. Int., 19, 77-82. Houghton, F.C. & Yagloglou, C.P. (1923) Determining lines of equal comfort. Transactions of Am. Soc. of Heat.-Vent. Engineers, 29, 163-176. Linder, M.C. (1991) Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York. Buskila, D., Abu-Shakra, M. & Sukenik, S. (2001) Balneotherapy for fibromyalgia at the Dead Sea. Rheumatol. Int., 20, 105-108. Eastham, R.D. (1985) Biochemical values in clinical medicine, John Wright & Sons Ltd., Bristol. LeBlanc, P.J., Parolin, M.L. & Jones, N.L. (2002) Effects of respiratory alkalosis on human skeletal muscle metabolism at the onset of submaximal exercise. J. Physiol., 544, 303-313. Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Agishi, Y. (1998) Effects of concentration of sea water components on body temperature by bathing. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 61, 195-201. (in Japanese with English summary) Tsubaki, T., Saito, H. & Iikura, Y. (1994) Changes in histamine levels in skin chambers. Application for clinical evaluation of atopic dermatitis-report 3. Allergy, 43, 619-624. (in Japanese) Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Oogaki, T. (1995) Changes of body temperature and heart beat response in hot sea water bathing. Health Science, 17, 103-108. (in Japanese with English summary) Ueda, M. (2001) Effects of hot springs and the applications to medical science. J. Jpn. Pharmaceut. Assoc., 53, 65-71. (in Japanese) Evcik, D., Kizilay, B. & Gokqen, E. (2002) The effects of balneotherapy on fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol. Int., 22, 56-59. Hardy, J.D. (1970) Thermal comfort: skin temperature and physiological thermoregulation. In: Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation, edited by J.D. Hardy, A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, USA, pp. 856-873. Yamana, K., Sakurada, N. & Kosugi, R. (2002) F.E.R.C. Research Report-File No. 077. <http://www.ntv.co.jp/FERC/research/20020113/r077.html >. Kiuchi, T., Otsuka, S. & Tsunenari, K. (1983) The effects of taking hot baths on some physiological indexes. Bull. Tokushima Univ., 34, 69-79. (in Japanese with English summary) Nakamura, K., Takahashi, H. & Tanaka, M. (1996) Effects of immersion in tepid bath water on recovery from fatigue after submaximal exercise in man. Ergonomics, 39, 257-266. Nissen, J.B., Avrach, W.W. & Hansen, E.S. (1998) Stengaard-Pedersen K. Increased levels of enkephalin following natural sunlight (combined with salt water bathing at the Dead Sea) and ultraviolet A irradiation. Br. J. Dermatol., 139, 1012-1019. Tanaka, M., Nakamura, K. & Takahashi, K. (1990) Physiological and psychological responses on water temperature in bathing, The 14th symposium on Man-Thermal Environment System (Tokyo), 110-113. (in Japanese) Shirakura, T., Kubota, K. & Tamura, K. (1993) Blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow. Jpn. J. Geriat., 30, 174-181. (in Japanese with English summary) Shimizu, T. (2002) Thermophysiological responses to bathing in deep sea water, Seminar on deep sea water and ocean resources (Niigata). Dengler, R., Wohlfarth, K. & Schubert, M. (1996) Muscle fatigue, lactate, and pyruvate in mitochondrial myopathy with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Muscle Nerve., 19, 456-462. Ogawa, T. & Fujimoto, T. (2002) A characteristic of the Japan Sea Proper Water. Ann. Rep. Inst. Environ. Geol. Sci., 13, 69-79. (in Japanese) Otsuka, Y. (2001) Balneotherapy, 2nd ed., NANZANDO Co., Ltd., Tokyo. (in Japanese) Harari, M., Shani, J. & Hristakieva, E. (2000) Climatotherapy of atopic dermatitis at the Dead Sea: demographic evaluation and cost-effectiveness. Int. J. Dermatol., 39, 59-69. Hertig, B.A., Riedesel, M.L. & Belding, H.S. (1962) Time course of sweating in warm baths. In: Advance in Biology of Skin, Pergamon Press, Oxford. Ueda, M. & Yazaki, T. (2000) The effects of bathing using a new CO2 bath-water generator on changes of blood lactic acid density after exercise. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 63, 73-78. (in Japanese with English summary) Tsubaki, T., Saito, H. & Iikura, Y. (28) 1994; 43 24 Davies, S.F., Iber, C. & Path, M.J. (4) 1986; 61 29 Ueda, M. & Yazaki, T. (30) 2000; 63 Yoshida, K. (35) 1978; 86 Sukenik, S., Giryes, H. & Buskila, D. (26) 1994; 21 Abo, T., Kawate, T. & Kumagai, K. (1) 1981; 126 Ogawa, T. & Fujimoto, T. (19) 2002; 13 Winslow, C.-E.A., Herrington, L.P. & Gagge, A.P. (32) 1937; 26 Yorozu, H., Eguchi, Y., Sunakawa, M., Kohmoto, T. & Komoto, Y. (34) 1986; 49 Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Oogaki, T. (22) 1995; 17 11 33 14 15 Kiuchi, T., Otsuka, S. & Tsunenari, K. (13) 1983; 34 17 18 Houghton, F.C. & Yagloglou, C.P. (12) 1923; 29 (16) 1996; 39 Ueda, M. (31) 2001; 53 Hardy, J.D. (10) 1970 3 Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Agishi, Y. (23) 1998; 61 Blomstrand, E. & Saltin, B. (2) 1999; 514 5 Tanaka, M., Nakamura, K. & Takahashi, K. (27) 1990 6 7 8 9 Shirakura, T., Kubota, K. & Tamura, K. (25) 1993; 30 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: Yamana, K., Sakurada, N. & Kosugi, R. (2002) F.E.R.C. Research Report-File No. 077. <http://www.ntv.co.jp/FERC/research/20020113/r077.html >. – reference: Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Agishi, Y. (1998) Effects of concentration of sea water components on body temperature by bathing. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 61, 195-201. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Harari, M., Shani, J. & Hristakieva, E. (2000) Climatotherapy of atopic dermatitis at the Dead Sea: demographic evaluation and cost-effectiveness. Int. J. Dermatol., 39, 59-69. – reference: Winslow, C.-E.A., Herrington, L.P. & Gagge, A.P. (1937) Relations between atmospheric conditions, physiological reactions and sensations of pleasantness. Am. J. Hyg., 26, 103-115. – reference: Kiuchi, T., Otsuka, S. & Tsunenari, K. (1983) The effects of taking hot baths on some physiological indexes. Bull. Tokushima Univ., 34, 69-79. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Shimizu, T. (2002) Thermophysiological responses to bathing in deep sea water, Seminar on deep sea water and ocean resources (Niigata). – reference: Shirakura, T., Kubota, K. & Tamura, K. (1993) Blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow. Jpn. J. Geriat., 30, 174-181. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Yoshida, K. (1978) Studies on the thermal comfort. J. Anthropological Society of Nippon, 86, 51-63. (in Japanese with English abstract) – reference: LeBlanc, P.J., Parolin, M.L. & Jones, N.L. (2002) Effects of respiratory alkalosis on human skeletal muscle metabolism at the onset of submaximal exercise. J. Physiol., 544, 303-313. – reference: Shimizu, T., Fujishima, K. & Oogaki, T. (1995) Changes of body temperature and heart beat response in hot sea water bathing. Health Science, 17, 103-108. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Ueda, M. (2001) Effects of hot springs and the applications to medical science. J. Jpn. Pharmaceut. Assoc., 53, 65-71. (in Japanese) – reference: Hardy, J.D. (1970) Thermal comfort: skin temperature and physiological thermoregulation. In: Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation, edited by J.D. Hardy, A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, USA, pp. 856-873. – reference: Otsuka, Y. (2001) Balneotherapy, 2nd ed., NANZANDO Co., Ltd., Tokyo. (in Japanese) – reference: Sasaki, T. (2001) Deep Seawater, Bestsellers Publishers Co., Ltd. Tokyo. (in Japanese) – reference: Eastham, R.D. (1985) Biochemical values in clinical medicine, John Wright & Sons Ltd., Bristol. – reference: Abo, T., Kawate, T. & Kumagai, K. (1981) Studies on the bioperiodicity of the immune response: 1. Circadian rhythms of human T, B and NK cell traffic in the peripheral blood. J. Immunol., 126, 1360-1363. – reference: Nakamura, K., Takahashi, H. & Tanaka, M. (1996) Effects of immersion in tepid bath water on recovery from fatigue after submaximal exercise in man. Ergonomics, 39, 257-266. – reference: Ogawa, T. & Fujimoto, T. (2002) A characteristic of the Japan Sea Proper Water. Ann. Rep. Inst. Environ. Geol. Sci., 13, 69-79. (in Japanese) – reference: Tanaka, M., Nakamura, K. & Takahashi, K. (1990) Physiological and psychological responses on water temperature in bathing, The 14th symposium on Man-Thermal Environment System (Tokyo), 110-113. (in Japanese) – reference: Sukenik, S., Giryes, H. & Buskila, D. (1994) Treatment of psoriatic arthritis at the Dead Sea. J. Rheumatol., 21, 1305-1309. – reference: Neumann, L., Sukenik, S. & Buskila, D. (2001) The effect of balneotherapy at the Dead Sea on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin. Rheumatol., 20, 15-19. – reference: Tsubaki, T., Saito, H. & Iikura, Y. (1994) Changes in histamine levels in skin chambers. Application for clinical evaluation of atopic dermatitis-report 3. Allergy, 43, 619-624. (in Japanese) – reference: Yorozu, H., Eguchi, Y., Sunakawa, M., Kohmoto, T. & Komoto, Y. (1986) Research for carbon dioxide bathing V. Effects of the artificial CO2-bathing on blood lactic acid and myalgia. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 49, 89-94. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Davies, S.F., Iber, C. & Path, M.J. (1986) Effect of respiratory alkalosis during exercise of blood lactate. J. Appl. Physiol., 61, 948-952. – reference: Evcik, D., Kizilay, B. & Gokqen, E. (2002) The effects of balneotherapy on fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol. Int., 22, 56-59. – reference: Linder, M.C. (1991) Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York. – reference: Ueda, M. & Yazaki, T. (2000) The effects of bathing using a new CO2 bath-water generator on changes of blood lactic acid density after exercise. J. Jpn. Assoc. Phys. Med. Balnel. Climatol., 63, 73-78. (in Japanese with English summary) – reference: Buskila, D., Abu-Shakra, M. & Sukenik, S. 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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Baths Climatotherapy deep seawater Hemoglobins - analysis hot water bathing Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Lactic Acid - blood Male Nitrates - blood Nitrogen - blood Phosphates - blood Phosphorus - blood plasma lactate and pyruvate Pyruvic Acid - blood Salts - analysis Seawater Silicon - blood Sodium - analysis subjective judgment Temperature Time Factors Water |
| Title | Changes in Plasma Lactate and Pyruvate Concentrations after Taking a Bath in Hot Deep Seawater |
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