Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach
Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and envir...
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| Published in | Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 76; no. 3; pp. 724 - 732 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Society for Microbiology
01.02.2010
American Society for Microbiology (ASM) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0099-2240 1098-5336 1098-5336 1098-6596 |
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.02127-09 |
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| Abstract | Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. |
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| AbstractList | Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli , enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens ), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens ( Vibrio vulnificus , Staphylococcus aureus , enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution.Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution. |
| Author | Newman, Xihui Elmir, Samir Ortega, Cristina Solo-Gabriele, Helena M Wright, Mary E Wang, John D Shih, Peter Bonilla, J. Alfredo Scott, Troy Harwood, Valerie J McQuaig, Shannon Lukasik, Jerzy Miller, Gary Palmer, Carol J Sinigalliano, Chris Abdelzaher, Amir M Zhu, Xiaofang Gidley, Maribeth Fleming, Lora E Bonilla, Tonya D Plano, Lisa R.W |
| AuthorAffiliation | University of Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, Florida 33149, 1 Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0630, 2 Miami Dade County Health Department, Miami, Florida 33056, 3 Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories—Miami, Miami, Florida 33125, 4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, 5 BCS Laboratories Inc., Miami, Florida 33155, 6 BCS Laboratories Inc., Gainesville, Florida 32609, 7 Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Ocean Chemistry Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, Florida 33149, 9 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, 10 Division of Applied Marine Physics, University of Miami, |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: University of Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, Florida 33149, 1 Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0630, 2 Miami Dade County Health Department, Miami, Florida 33056, 3 Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories—Miami, Miami, Florida 33125, 4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, 5 BCS Laboratories Inc., Miami, Florida 33155, 6 BCS Laboratories Inc., Gainesville, Florida 32609, 7 Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Ocean Chemistry Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, Florida 33149, 9 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, 10 Division of Applied Marine Physics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, 11 Departments of Epidemiology & Public Health and Marine Biology & Fisheries, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136 12 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Abdelzaher, Amir M – sequence: 2 fullname: Wright, Mary E – sequence: 3 fullname: Ortega, Cristina – sequence: 4 fullname: Solo-Gabriele, Helena M – sequence: 5 fullname: Miller, Gary – sequence: 6 fullname: Elmir, Samir – sequence: 7 fullname: Newman, Xihui – sequence: 8 fullname: Shih, Peter – sequence: 9 fullname: Bonilla, J. Alfredo – sequence: 10 fullname: Bonilla, Tonya D – sequence: 11 fullname: Palmer, Carol J – sequence: 12 fullname: Scott, Troy – sequence: 13 fullname: Lukasik, Jerzy – sequence: 14 fullname: Harwood, Valerie J – sequence: 15 fullname: McQuaig, Shannon – sequence: 16 fullname: Sinigalliano, Chris – sequence: 17 fullname: Gidley, Maribeth – sequence: 18 fullname: Plano, Lisa R.W – sequence: 19 fullname: Zhu, Xiaofang – sequence: 20 fullname: Wang, John D – sequence: 21 fullname: Fleming, Lora E |
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| Copyright | 2015 INIST-CNRS Copyright American Society for Microbiology Feb 2010 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology 2010 |
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| Keywords | Marine environment Pathogenic Microorganism |
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| Snippet | Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an... Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Bacteria Bacteria - isolation & purification Bathing Beaches - standards Beaches Biological and medical sciences Clostridium perfringens Clostridium perfringens - isolation & purification coliform bacteria Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium - isolation & purification E coli Enterococcus Enterococcus - isolation & purification Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecium - isolation & purification Enterovirus Environmental conditions environmental factors Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - isolation & purification Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Fecal coliforms filtration Florida Fresh Water - microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology genes Giardia Hepatitis A virus Hepatovirus A Humans indicator species Marine pollution Membrane filtration Microbiology Nonpoint source pollution Norovirus Parasites - isolation & purification Pathogens Point source pollution Pollution sources polymerase chain reaction Polyomavirus - isolation & purification Protozoa Public Health Microbiology Recreation Sand seawater Seawater - microbiology Seawater - parasitology Seawater - virology Silicon Dioxide solar radiation Staphylococcus aureus Studies Swimming Vibrio vulnificus Viruses - genetics Viruses - isolation & purification Water Microbiology Water pollution Water quality standards Water Supply |
| Title | Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach |
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