Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or dia...
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| Published in | The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 372; no. 9644; pp. 1174 - 1183 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
2008
Elsevier Limited |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0140-6736 0099-5355 1474-547X 1474-547X |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61242-8 |
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| Abstract | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage.
After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, number
NCT00153101.
The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51–64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4·0/2·2 [SD 19·6/12·0] mm Hg). 465 (15·7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17·0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·81–1·05, p=0·216). One of the secondary outcomes—a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke—occurred in 384 (13·0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14·8%) on placebo (0·87, 0·76–1·00, p=0·048 unadjusted; p=0·068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30·3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33·0%) on placebo (relative risk 0·92, 95% CI 0·85–0·99; p=0·025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21·6%]
vs 705 [23·8%]; p=0·055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0·98%] in the telmisartan group
vs 16 [0·54%] in the placebo group).
Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Boehringer Ingelheim. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Summary Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. Methods After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00153101. Findings The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51–64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4·0/2·2 [SD 19·6/12·0] mm Hg). 465 (15·7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17·0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·81–1·05, p=0·216). One of the secondary outcomes—a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke—occurred in 384 (13·0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14·8%) on placebo (0·87, 0·76–1·00, p=0·048 unadjusted; p=0·068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30·3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33·0%) on placebo (relative risk 0·92, 95% CI 0·85–0·99; p=0·025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21·6%] vs 705 [23·8%]; p=0·055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0·98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0·54%] in the placebo group). Interpretation Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Funding Boehringer Ingelheim. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes-a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke-occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] vs 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group). Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Boehringer Ingelheim. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes-a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke-occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] vs 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group). Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Boehringer Ingelheim. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51–64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4·0/2·2 [SD 19·6/12·0] mm Hg). 465 (15·7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17·0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·81–1·05, p=0·216). One of the secondary outcomes—a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke—occurred in 384 (13·0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14·8%) on placebo (0·87, 0·76–1·00, p=0·048 unadjusted; p=0·068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30·3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33·0%) on placebo (relative risk 0·92, 95% CI 0·85–0·99; p=0·025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21·6%] vs 705 [23·8%]; p=0·055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0·98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0·54%] in the placebo group). Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Boehringer Ingelheim. BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. METHODS: After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. FINDINGS: The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes-a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke-occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] vs 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group). INTERPRETATION: Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. FUNDING: Boehringer Ingelheim. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage.BACKGROUNDAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage.After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101.METHODSAfter a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101.The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes-a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke-occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] vs 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group).FINDINGSThe median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes-a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke-occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] vs 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group).Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.INTERPRETATIONTelmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.Boehringer Ingelheim.FUNDINGBoehringer Ingelheim. Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. Methods After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. Findings The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean blood pressure was lower in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group throughout the study (weighted mean difference between groups 4.0/2.2 [SD 19.6/12.0] mm Hg). 465 (15.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome in the telmisartan group compared with 504 (17.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.05, p=0.216). One of the secondary outcomes--a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke--occurred in 384 (13.0%) patients on telmisartan compared with 440 (14.8%) on placebo (0.87, 0.76-1.00, p=0.048 unadjusted; p=0.068 after adjustment for multiplicity of comparisons and overlap with primary outcome). 894 (30.3%) patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalised for a cardiovascular reason, compared with 980 (33.0%) on placebo (relative risk 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p=0.025). Fewer patients permanently discontinued study medication in the telmisartan group than in the placebo group (639 [21.6%] us 705 [23.8%]; p=0.055); the most common reason for permanent discontinuation was hypotensive symptoms (29 [0.98%] in the telmisartan group vs 16 [0.54%] in the placebo group). Interpretation Telmisartan was well tolerated in patients unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Although the drug had no significant effect on the primary outcome of this study, which included hospitalisations for heart failure, it modestly reduced the risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. |
| Author | Teo, K Schumacher, H Dyal, L Sleight, P Anderson, C Yusuf, S Dagenais, G Pogue, J Copland, I |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S surname: Yusuf fullname: Yusuf, S – sequence: 2 givenname: K surname: Teo fullname: Teo, K – sequence: 3 givenname: C surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, C – sequence: 4 givenname: J surname: Pogue fullname: Pogue, J – sequence: 5 givenname: L surname: Dyal fullname: Dyal, L – sequence: 6 givenname: I surname: Copland fullname: Copland, I – sequence: 7 givenname: H surname: Schumacher fullname: Schumacher, H – sequence: 8 givenname: G surname: Dagenais fullname: Dagenais, G – sequence: 9 givenname: P surname: Sleight fullname: Sleight, P |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757085$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/91312$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| CODEN | LANCAO |
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| Copyright | 2008 Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Ltd Copyright Elsevier Limited Sep 27-Oct 3, 2008 |
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Analysis and examples publication-title: Br J Cancer – volume: 355 start-page: 253 year: 2000 end-page: 259 ident: bib2 article-title: Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy publication-title: Lancet – volume: 112 start-page: 48 year: 2005 end-page: 53 ident: bib31 article-title: Effects of candesartan on the development of a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure publication-title: Circulation – volume: 351 start-page: 2058 year: 2004 end-page: 2068 ident: bib18 article-title: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 361 start-page: 1843 year: 2003 end-page: 1848 ident: bib28 article-title: Effect of enalapril on 12-year survival and life expectancy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a follow-up study publication-title: Lancet – volume: 40 start-page: 1414 year: 2002 end-page: 1421 ident: bib9 article-title: Effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 349 start-page: 1893 year: 2003 end-page: 1906 ident: bib6 article-title: Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 294 start-page: 1794 year: 2005 end-page: 1798 ident: bib24 article-title: Impact of candesartan on nonfatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure publication-title: JAMA – volume: 358 start-page: 1033 year: 2001 end-page: 1041 ident: bib21 article-title: Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack publication-title: Lancet – volume: 283 start-page: 1967 year: 2000 end-page: 1975 ident: bib33 article-title: Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin publication-title: JAMA – volume: 20 start-page: 1182 year: 1999 end-page: 1190 ident: bib4 article-title: Contemporary management of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the study of patients intolerant of converting enzyme inhibitors (SPICE) registry publication-title: Eur Heart J – volume: 370 start-page: 829 year: 2007 end-page: 840 ident: bib12 article-title: Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial publication-title: Lancet – volume: 27 start-page: 335 year: 1985 end-page: 371 ident: bib15 article-title: Beta-blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials publication-title: Prog Cardiovasc Dis – year: 2008 ident: bib14 article-title: Randomized trial of early telmisartan therapy to prevent recurrent strokes and major vascular events among 20 000 individuals with previous stroke publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 362 start-page: 772 year: 2003 end-page: 776 ident: bib8 article-title: Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular systolic function and intolerant to ACE inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative Trial publication-title: Lancet – volume: 359 start-page: 1004 year: 2002 end-page: 1010 ident: bib32 article-title: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol publication-title: Lancet – volume: 332 start-page: 1177 year: 2006 end-page: 1181 ident: bib5 article-title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine publication-title: BMJ – volume: 329 start-page: 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| Snippet | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed... Summary Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We... Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore... BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore... |
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| SubjectTerms | adverse effects Aged Angioedema Angioedema - chemically induced Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - adverse effects Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use Benzimidazoles Benzimidazoles - adverse effects Benzimidazoles - therapeutic use Benzoates Benzoates - adverse effects Benzoates - therapeutic use Blood pressure Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control chemically induced Cough Cough - chemically induced Diabetes Enzyme inhibitors Female Follow-Up Studies Heart attacks Humans Hypotension Hypotension - chemically induced Internal Medicine Kaplan-Meier Estimate Kaplan-Meiers Estimate Male Medical and Health Sciences Medical research Medicin och hälsovetenskap Mortality Myocardial infarction prevention & control Risk Reduction Behavior Single-Blind Method Therapeutic Equivalency therapeutic use |
| Title | Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial |
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