Coinfection accelerates transmission to new hosts despite no effects on virulence and parasite growth

• Published in: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Vol. 379; no. 1907; p. 20230139
• Main Authors: Godinho, Diogo P., Rodrigues, Leonor R., Lefèvre, Sophie, Magalhães, Sara, Duncan, Alison B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society, The 24.06.2024; The Royal Society
• Subjects: Animals; Coinfection - parasitology; Coinfection - transmission; Female; Host-Parasite Interactions; Life Sciences; Tetranychidae - physiology; Virulence; interspecific competitors; host–parasite interactions; trade-off hypothesis; multiple infections; herbivorous arthropods; trade-off hypothesis coinfection host-parasite interactions multiple infections herbivorous arthropods interspecific competitors; host-parasite interactions; coinfection
• ISSN: 0962-8436; 1471-2970; 1471-2970
• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0139

One of the fundamental aims of ecological, epidemiological and evolutionary studies of host–parasite interactions is to unravel which factors affect parasite virulence. Theory predicts that virulence and transmission are correlated by a trade-off, as too much virulence is expected to hamper transmission owing to excessive host damage. Coinfections may affect each of these traits and/or their correlation. Here, we used inbred lines of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae to test how coinfection with T. evansi impacted virulence–transmission relationships at different conspecific densities. The presence of T. evansi on a shared host did not change the relationship between virulence (leaf damage) and the number of transmitting stages (i.e. adult daughters). The relationship between these traits was hump-shaped across densities, both in single and coinfections, which corresponds to a trade-off. Moreover, transmission to adjacent hosts increased in coinfection, but only at low T. urticae densities. Finally, we tested whether virulence and the number of daughters were correlated with measures of transmission to adjacent hosts, in single and coinfections at different conspecific densities. Traits were mostly independent, meaning that interspecific competitors may increase transmission without affecting virulence. Thus, coinfections may impact epidemiology and parasite trait evolution, but not necessarily the virulence–transmission trade-off. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics’.