Integration of bioassay and non-target metabolite analysis of tomato reveals that β-carotene and lycopene activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation

Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicu ). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 17; no. 7; p. e0267248
Main Authors Mohri, Shinsuke, Takahashi, Haruya, Sakai, Maiko, Waki, Naoko, Takahashi, Shingo, Aizawa, Koichi, Suganuma, Hiroyuki, Ara, Takeshi, Sugawara, Tatsuya, Shibata, Daisuke, Matsumura, Yasuki, Goto, Tsuyoshi, Kawada, Teruo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published San Francisco Public Library of Science 01.07.2022
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0267248

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Abstract Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicu ). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca 2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
AbstractList Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicu ). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca 2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato (Solanum lycopersicu). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato (Solanum lycopersicu). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato (Solanum lycopersicu). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicu ). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca 2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Author Takahashi, Haruya
Goto, Tsuyoshi
Suganuma, Hiroyuki
Matsumura, Yasuki
Waki, Naoko
Sugawara, Tatsuya
Shibata, Daisuke
Mohri, Shinsuke
Sakai, Maiko
Kawada, Teruo
Aizawa, Koichi
Takahashi, Shingo
Ara, Takeshi
AuthorAffiliation 3 KAGOME Tomato Discoveries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
2 Laboratory of Technology of Marine Bioproducts, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
4 Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
7 Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
1 Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
6 Laboratory of Quality Analysis and Assessment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
5 Kazusa DNA Research Institutes, Kazusa-Kamatari, Chiba, Japan
Foshan University, CHINA
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Competing Interests: In this study, the authors received funding by KAGOME CO., LTD. This does not alter the authors adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00774.2009
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0199256
  issue: 6
  year: 2018
  ident: pone.0267248.ref009
  article-title: Discovery of a novel potent peptide agonist to adiponectin receptor 1
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199256
– volume: 520
  start-page: 312
  issue: 7547
  year: 2015
  ident: pone.0267248.ref060
  article-title: Crystal structures of the human adiponectin receptors
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature14301
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Snippet Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for...
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SubjectTerms Adiponectin
Bioassays
Biology and Life Sciences
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
Calcium influx
Calcium ions
Calcium-binding protein
Calmodulin
Carotene
Carotenoids
Chromatography
Diabetes
Food
Fractions
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Insulin
Kinases
Liquid chromatography
Lycopene
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Metabolites
Molecular weight
Myotubes
Obesity
Penicillin
Phosphorylation
Physical Sciences
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Signal transduction
Signaling
siRNA
Solanum lycopersicum
Solvents
Tomatoes
β-Carotene
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Title Integration of bioassay and non-target metabolite analysis of tomato reveals that β-carotene and lycopene activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation
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