Sex differences in hypertension incidence and risk factors: a population-based cohort study in Southern Iran

Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. Methods This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean...

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Published inBMC public health Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 3575 - 16
Main Authors Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Johari, Masoumeh Ghoddusi, Baeradeh, Najibullah, Seif, Mozhgan, Hosseini, Seyed Vahid
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 23.12.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects
Adult
Age
Aged
Alcohol
Biostatistics
Blood pressure
Calculi
Care and treatment
Chronic illnesses
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Cohort study
Contraceptives
Diabetes
Diagnosis
Disease
Environmental Health
Epidemiology
Exercise
Family medical history
Female
Females
Gender
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Incidence
Iran - epidemiology
Kidneys
Lifestyles
Male
Marital status
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Men
Middle Aged
Mortality
Nephrolithiasis
Population
Population studies
Prevention
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Public Health
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk Factors
Sex
Sex differences
Sex Factors
Smoking
Socioeconomic factors
Socioeconomic status
Statins
Strategic management
Stroke
Vaccine
Women
Womens health
Iran
Hypertension
Cohort study
Risk factors
Sex
Incidence
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1471-2458
1471-2458
DOI10.1186/s12889-024-21082-8

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Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. Methods This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. Results During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60–70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05–3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42–13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04–6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60–70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59–5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19–2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01–4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.65). Conclusion This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
AbstractList Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. Methods This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. Results During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60–70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05–3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42–13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04–6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60–70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59–5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19–2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01–4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.65). Conclusion This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60-70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05-3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42-13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60-70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59-5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19-2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01-4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.65). This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects.ResultsDuring the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60–70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05–3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42–13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04–6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60–70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59–5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19–2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01–4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.65).ConclusionThis study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. Methods This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. Results During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60–70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05–3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42–13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04–6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60–70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59–5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19–2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01–4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.65). Conclusion This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches.BACKGROUNDHypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches.This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects.METHODSThis prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects.During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60-70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05-3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42-13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60-70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59-5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19-2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01-4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.65).RESULTSDuring the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60-70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05-3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42-13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60-70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59-5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19-2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01-4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.65).This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.CONCLUSIONThis study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60-70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05-3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42-13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60-70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59-5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19-2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01-4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.65). This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches. Methods This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects. Results During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60-70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05-3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42-13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04-6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60-70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59-5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19-2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01-4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.65). Conclusion This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender. Keywords: Hypertension, Sex, Risk factors, Incidence, Cohort study
ArticleNumber 3575
Audience Academic
Author Rezaianzadeh, Abbas
Johari, Masoumeh Ghoddusi
Hosseini, Seyed Vahid
Baeradeh, Najibullah
Seif, Mozhgan
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39716231$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_nursrep15030110
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Issue 1
Keywords Hypertension
Cohort study
Risk factors
Sex
Incidence
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
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Snippet Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention...
Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and...
Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention...
BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention...
Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Age
Aged
Alcohol
Biostatistics
Blood pressure
Calculi
Care and treatment
Chronic illnesses
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Cohort study
Contraceptives
Diabetes
Diagnosis
Disease
Environmental Health
Epidemiology
Exercise
Family medical history
Female
Females
Gender
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Incidence
Iran - epidemiology
Kidneys
Lifestyles
Male
Marital status
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Men
Middle Aged
Mortality
Nephrolithiasis
Population
Population studies
Prevention
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Public Health
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk Factors
Sex
Sex differences
Sex Factors
Smoking
Socioeconomic factors
Socioeconomic status
Statins
Strategic management
Stroke
Vaccine
Women
Womens health
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Title Sex differences in hypertension incidence and risk factors: a population-based cohort study in Southern Iran
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-024-21082-8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39716231
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3152694296
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3148842738
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11668117
https://doaj.org/article/d75d7d34c6a14ab483cd2675af407cbe
Volume 24
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