High arsenic contamination in the breast milk of mothers inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: a major health risk to infants
Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women aft...
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Published in | Environmental health Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 77 - 18 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
BioMed Central
20.09.2024
BioMed Central Ltd BMC |
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1476-069X 1476-069X |
DOI | 10.1186/s12940-024-01115-w |
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Abstract | Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were
n
= 513. Out of which
n
= 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study,
n
= 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and
n
= 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from
n
= 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child’s urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant’s body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. |
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AbstractList | Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child’s urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant’s body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Abstract Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child’s urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant’s body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations.Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 [micro]g/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 [micro]g/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Keywords: Groundwater arsenic contamination, Lactating women, Arsenic contamination in breast milk, Infant risk assessment, Gangetic plains, Cancer risk assessment Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 [micro]g/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 [micro]g/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child’s urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant’s body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations. |
ArticleNumber | 77 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Kumar, Dhruv Pandey, Tejasvi Srivastava, Abhinav Agarwal, Radhika Ghosh, Ashok Kumar Niraj, Pintoo Kumar Ali, Mohammad Chayal, Nirmal Kumar Singh, Manisha Kumar, Arun Verma, Kumar Sambhav Aryal, Siddhant Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Kanhaiya Kumar, Santosh Bishwapriya, Akhouri Singh, Shreya |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Arun orcidid: 0000-0002-8946-5909 surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Arun email: drarunk31@gmail.com organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 2 givenname: Radhika surname: Agarwal fullname: Agarwal, Radhika organization: Lovely Professional University – sequence: 3 givenname: Kanhaiya surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Kanhaiya organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 4 givenname: Nirmal Kumar surname: Chayal fullname: Chayal, Nirmal Kumar organization: Amity University – sequence: 5 givenname: Mohammad surname: Ali fullname: Ali, Mohammad organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 6 givenname: Abhinav surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Abhinav organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 7 givenname: Mukesh surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Mukesh organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 8 givenname: Pintoo Kumar surname: Niraj fullname: Niraj, Pintoo Kumar organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 9 givenname: Siddhant surname: Aryal fullname: Aryal, Siddhant organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 10 givenname: Dhruv surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Dhruv organization: UPES University – sequence: 11 givenname: Akhouri surname: Bishwapriya fullname: Bishwapriya, Akhouri organization: Geological Survey of India – sequence: 12 givenname: Shreya surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Shreya organization: Geological Survey of India – sequence: 13 givenname: Tejasvi surname: Pandey fullname: Pandey, Tejasvi organization: Lovely Professional University – sequence: 14 givenname: Kumar Sambhav surname: Verma fullname: Verma, Kumar Sambhav organization: Amity University – sequence: 15 givenname: Santosh surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Santosh organization: Tu Delft – sequence: 16 givenname: Manisha surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Manisha organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre – sequence: 17 givenname: Ashok Kumar surname: Ghosh fullname: Ghosh, Ashok Kumar organization: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre |
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Keywords | Lactating women Arsenic contamination in breast milk Gangetic plains Groundwater arsenic contamination Infant risk assessment Cancer risk assessment |
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PublicationTitle | Environmental health |
PublicationTitleAbbrev | Environ Health |
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PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | BioMed Central BioMed Central Ltd BMC |
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Snippet | Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from... Abstract Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Arsenic Arsenic - analysis Arsenic - urine Arsenic contamination in breast milk Arsenic content Biomarkers Breast milk Breastfeeding & lactation Cancer risk assessment Chemical properties Contamination Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental aspects Environmental Exposure - analysis Environmental Health Exposure Female Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Gangetic plains Graphite Groundwater Groundwater arsenic contamination Health aspects Health hazards Health risks Heavy metals Humans India Infant Infant risk assessment Infants Ingestion Lactating women Maternal Exposure Milk Milk, Human - chemistry Mothers Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Pediatrics Public Health Rice Urine Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Young Adult |
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Title | High arsenic contamination in the breast milk of mothers inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: a major health risk to infants |
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