Effects of Supplementation with BCAA and L-glutamine on Blood Fatigue Factors and Cytokines in Juvenile Athletes Submitted to Maximal Intensity Rowing Performance
[Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athle...
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 26; no. 8; pp. 1241 - 1246 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
01.08.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.26.1241 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). [Methods] The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). [Results] The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. [Conclusion] It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction. |
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| AbstractList | Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. Subjects: Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). Methods: The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). Results: The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. Conclusion: It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction. [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). [Methods] The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). [Results] The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. [Conclusion] It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction. [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). [Methods] The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). [Results] The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. [Conclusion] It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction. [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). [Methods] The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). [Results] The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. [Conclusion] It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction.[Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue factor stimulation and cytokines along with performance of exercise at the maximal intensity. [Subjects] Five male juvenile elite rowing athletes participated in this study as the subjects; they took 3 tests and received placebo supplementation (PS), BCAA supplementation (BS), and glutamine supplementation (GS). [Methods] The exercise applied in the tests was 2,000 m of rowing at the maximal intensity using an indoor rowing machine, and blood samples were collected 3 times, while resting, at the end of exercise, and after 30 min of recovery, to analyze the blood fatigue factors (lactate, phosphorous, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK)) and blood cytokines (IL (interleukin)-6, 8, 15). [Results] The results of the analysis showed that the levels of blood phosphorous in the BS and GS groups at the recovery stage were decreased significantly compared with at the end of exercise, and the level of CK appeared lower in the GS group alone at recovery stage than at the end of exercise. The level of blood IL-15 in the PS and BS groups appeared higher at the end of exercise compared with the resting stage. [Conclusion] It seemed that glutamine supplementation had a positive effect on the decrease in fatigue factor stimulation at the recovery stage after maximal intensity exercise compared with supplementation with the placebo or BCAA. Besides, pre-exercise glutamine supplementation seemed to help enhance immune function and the defensive inflammatory reaction. |
| Author | Kang, Sungwhun Woo, Jinhee Shin, Ki Ok Koo, Ga Hee |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Shin, Ki Ok organization: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: 840 Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea – sequence: 1 fullname: Kang, Sungwhun organization: Department of Aero Physical Education, Republic of Korea Airforce Academy, Republic of Korea – sequence: 1 fullname: Woo, Jinhee organization: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: 840 Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea – sequence: 1 fullname: Koo, Ga Hee organization: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science, Dong-A University: 840 Hadan 2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25202189$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s004210170012 10.1055/s-2007-1024861 10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.5.C834 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00753-0 10.1002/cbf.1611 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021542 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602549 10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004 10.5352/JLS.2011.21.5.729 10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.6.E883 10.1007/s00421-008-0892-6 10.1002/cbf.954.abs 10.1097/00062752-200105000-00002 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00359.x 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139618 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.949bp.x 10.1016/j.cmet.2004.12.003 10.2165/00007256-199826030-00004 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00797-3 10.1097/00005768-200007000-00005 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.225 |
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| Keywords | BCAA Exercise Glutamine |
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| References | 14) van Hall G, MacLean DA, Saltin B, et al.: Mechanisms of activation of muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase during exercise in man. J Physiol, 1996, 494: 899–905. 18) Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Asp S, et al.: Chemokines are elevated in plasma after strenuous exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2001, 84: 244–245. 23) Pithon-Curi TC, Trezena AG, Tavares-Lima W, et al.: Evidence that glutamine is involved in neutrophil function. Cell Biochem Funct, 2002, 20: 81–86. 8) Cruzat VF, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J: Effects of supplementation with free glutamine and the dipeptide alanyl-glutamine on parameters of muscle damage and inflammation in rats submitted to prolonged exercise. Cell Biochem Funct, 2010, 28: 24–30. 4) Wagenmakers AJ, Coakley JH, Edwards RH: Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and ammonia during exercise: clues from McArdle’s disease. Int J Sports Med, 1990, 11: S101–S113. 15) Wagenmakers AJ, Beckers EJ, Brouns F, et al.: Carbohydrate supplementation, glycogen depletion, and amino acid metabolism during exercise. Am J Physiol, 1991, 260: E883–E890. 20) Nielsen AR, Mounier R, Plomgaard P, et al.: Expression of interleukin-15 in human skeletal muscle effect of exercise and muscle fibre type composition. J Physiol, 2007, 584: 305–312. 22) Roth E, Oehler R, Manhart N, et al.: Regulative potential of glutamine—relation to glutathione metabolism. Nutrition, 2002, 18: 217–221. 1) Moreira A, Kekkonen RA, Delgado L, et al.: Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2007, 61: 443–460. 16) Pedersen BK, Steensberg A, Schjerling P: Exercise and interleukin-6. Curr Opin Hematol, 2001, 8: 137–141. 3) Mero A, Leikas A, Knuutinen J, et al.: Effect of strength training session on plasma amino acid concentration following oral ingestion of leucine, BCAAs or glutamine in men. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2009, 105: 215–223. 17) Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Zacho M, et al.: Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running. J Physiol, 1998, 508: 949–953. 2) Petersen AM, Pedersen BK: The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol 1985, 2005, 98: 1154–1162. 21) Fischer CP: Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance? Exerc Immunol Rev, 2006, 12: 6–33. 9) Lee YH, Shin KO, Kim KS, et al.: The effects of D-ribose supplementation on the production of blood fatigue factors after maximal intensity exercise. Kor J Life Sci, 2011, 21: 729–733. 11) Paik IY, Woo JH, Chae JH: The effects of oral creatine supplementation on exercise performance and blood fatigue elements changes in short track speed skaters. Korean J Phys Edu.2000, 39: 340–350. 13) Sahlin K, Katz A, Broberg S: Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in human muscle during prolonged exercise. Am J Physiol, 1990, 259: C834–C841. 12) Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, et al.: Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med, 1998, 26: 177–191. 6) Bassit RA, Sawada LA, Bacurau RF, et al.: Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and the immune response of long-distance athletes. Nutrition, 2002, 18: 376–379. 5) van Zwol A, Neu J, van Elburg RM: Long-term effects of neonatal glutamine-enriched nutrition in very-low-birth-weight infants. Nutr Rev, 2011, 69: 2–8. 10) McCartney N, Heigenhauser GJ, Jones NL: Effects of pH on maximal power output and fatigue during short-term dynamic exercise. 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| References_xml | – reference: 6) Bassit RA, Sawada LA, Bacurau RF, et al.: Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and the immune response of long-distance athletes. Nutrition, 2002, 18: 376–379. – reference: 23) Pithon-Curi TC, Trezena AG, Tavares-Lima W, et al.: Evidence that glutamine is involved in neutrophil function. Cell Biochem Funct, 2002, 20: 81–86. – reference: 17) Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Zacho M, et al.: Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running. J Physiol, 1998, 508: 949–953. – reference: 15) Wagenmakers AJ, Beckers EJ, Brouns F, et al.: Carbohydrate supplementation, glycogen depletion, and amino acid metabolism during exercise. Am J Physiol, 1991, 260: E883–E890. – reference: 2) Petersen AM, Pedersen BK: The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol 1985, 2005, 98: 1154–1162. – reference: 12) Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, et al.: Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med, 1998, 26: 177–191. – reference: 8) Cruzat VF, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J: Effects of supplementation with free glutamine and the dipeptide alanyl-glutamine on parameters of muscle damage and inflammation in rats submitted to prolonged exercise. Cell Biochem Funct, 2010, 28: 24–30. – reference: 3) Mero A, Leikas A, Knuutinen J, et al.: Effect of strength training session on plasma amino acid concentration following oral ingestion of leucine, BCAAs or glutamine in men. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2009, 105: 215–223. – reference: 16) Pedersen BK, Steensberg A, Schjerling P: Exercise and interleukin-6. Curr Opin Hematol, 2001, 8: 137–141. – reference: 11) Paik IY, Woo JH, Chae JH: The effects of oral creatine supplementation on exercise performance and blood fatigue elements changes in short track speed skaters. Korean J Phys Edu.2000, 39: 340–350. – reference: 7) Bassit RA, Sawada LA, Bacurau RF, et al.: The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune response of triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000, 32: 1214–1219. – reference: 19) Kahn BB, Alquier T, Carling D, et al.: AMP-activated protein kinase: ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism. Cell Metab, 2005, 1: 15–25. – reference: 18) Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Asp S, et al.: Chemokines are elevated in plasma after strenuous exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2001, 84: 244–245. – reference: 20) Nielsen AR, Mounier R, Plomgaard P, et al.: Expression of interleukin-15 in human skeletal muscle effect of exercise and muscle fibre type composition. J Physiol, 2007, 584: 305–312. – reference: 13) Sahlin K, Katz A, Broberg S: Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in human muscle during prolonged exercise. Am J Physiol, 1990, 259: C834–C841. – reference: 14) van Hall G, MacLean DA, Saltin B, et al.: Mechanisms of activation of muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase during exercise in man. 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| Snippet | [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue... Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue... [Purpose] This study was conducted to understand the impacts of BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) and glutamine supplementation on the degree of blood fatigue... |
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| Title | Effects of Supplementation with BCAA and L-glutamine on Blood Fatigue Factors and Cytokines in Juvenile Athletes Submitted to Maximal Intensity Rowing Performance |
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