Association of adiposity with thyroid nodules: a cross-sectional study of a healthy population in Beijing, China
Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Methods...
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| Published in | BMC endocrine disorders Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 102 - 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
16.10.2019
BioMed Central Ltd BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1472-6823 1472-6823 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12902-019-0430-z |
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| Abstract | Background
The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized.
Methods
Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used.
Results
Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
2
and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm
2
. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008–1.055,
P
= 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.005,
P
= 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014–1.417,
P
= 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
2
(OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110–2.026,
P
= 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm
2
correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109–1.703,
P
= 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063–1.759,
P
= 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558–8.181,
P
= 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048–2.209,
P
= 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088–1.838,
P
= 0.010).
Conclusions
Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized.
Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used.
Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm
. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008-1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014-1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
(OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110-2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm
correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109-1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063-1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558-8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048-2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088-1.838, P = 0.010).
Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Methods Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm 2 . After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008–1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014–1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110–2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm 2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109–1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063–1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558–8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048–2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088–1.838, P = 0.010). Conclusions Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. Abstract Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Methods Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008–1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014–1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110–2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109–1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063–1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558–8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048–2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088–1.838, P = 0.010). Conclusions Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized.BACKGROUNDThe relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized.Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used.METHODSBetween January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used.Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008-1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014-1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110-2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109-1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063-1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558-8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048-2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088-1.838, P = 0.010).RESULTSOf the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008-1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014-1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110-2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109-1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063-1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558-8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048-2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088-1.838, P = 0.010).Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI.CONCLUSIONSAdiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Methods Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI [greater than or equai to] 25 kg/m.sup.2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA [greater than or equai to] 100 cm.sup.2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008-1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014-1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI [greater than or equai to] 25 kg/m.sup.2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110-2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG [greater than or equai to] 1.7 mmol/L. VFA [greater than or equai to] 100 cm.sup.2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109-1.703, P = 0.004; [greater than or equai to] 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063-1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558-8.181, P = 0.000), FBG [greater than or equai to] 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048-2.209, P = 0.027), and TG [greater than or equai to] 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088-1.838, P = 0.010). Conclusions Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. Keywords: Adiposity, Thyroid nodules, Body mass index, Visceral fat area Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Methods Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA ≥ 100 cm2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008–1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014–1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110–2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. VFA ≥ 100 cm2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109–1.703, P = 0.004; ≥ 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063–1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558–8.181, P = 0.000), FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048–2.209, P = 0.027), and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088–1.838, P = 0.010). Conclusions Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the existence of any such relationship. To assess adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were utilized. Between January 1, 2017 and March 3, 2019. Three thousand five hundred thirty four healthy people were examined using thyroid ultrasonography, visceral fat and anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and questionnaire interview. Binary logistic regression analyses were used. Of the 3534 healthy subjects, 58.69% (2074/3534) of the subjects had TNs. A total of 55.91% (1976/3534) had BMI [greater than or equai to] 25 kg/m.sup.2 and 39.67% (1402/3534) had VFA [greater than or equai to] 100 cm.sup.2. After adjustment to address confounders, BMI-based overweight and obesity levels only correlated with higher risk TNs when used as a continuous variable (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.008-1.055, P = 0.008), while VFA was both a continuous variable (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.005, P = 0.034) and a categorical variable (OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.014-1.417, P = 0.034) associated with significantly elevated risk of TNs. Analyzing the subgroups, BMI [greater than or equai to] 25 kg/m.sup.2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI: 1.110-2.026, P = 0.008) was significantly correlated with TN risk in individuals with TG [greater than or equai to] 1.7 mmol/L. VFA [greater than or equai to] 100 cm.sup.2 correlated with the TN risk irrespective of age (< 50 years: OR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.109-1.703, P = 0.004; [greater than or equai to] 50 years: OR = 1.367, 95% CI: 1.063-1.759, P = 0.015) and in the following subgroups: women (OR = 4.575, 95% CI: 2.558-8.181, P = 0.000), FBG [greater than or equai to] 6.1 mmol/L (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.048-2.209, P = 0.027), and TG [greater than or equai to] 1.7 mmol/L (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.088-1.838, P = 0.010). Adiposity correlates with TNs. To assess TN risk in Chinese individuals, VFA is better than BMI. |
| ArticleNumber | 102 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Lv, Wei-hua Zhong, Yu Yu, Hong Yang, Hui-xia Zhang, Feng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hui-xia surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Hui-xia organization: Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Yu organization: Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University – sequence: 3 givenname: Wei-hua surname: Lv fullname: Lv, Wei-hua organization: Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University – sequence: 4 givenname: Feng surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Feng organization: Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University – sequence: 5 givenname: Hong surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Hong email: y_hong@aliyun.com organization: Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619235$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1038_s41574_024_01025_4 crossref_primary_10_2196_54891 crossref_primary_10_3390_life13061292 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12902_021_00852_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1346284 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12902_021_00842_2 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2024_091494 crossref_primary_10_1089_met_2020_0147 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgaa987 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_113270 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_967380 |
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| Keywords | Body mass index Visceral fat area Adiposity Thyroid nodules |
| Language | English |
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The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to... The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to determine the... Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation performed to... Abstract Background The relationship between thyroid nodules (TNs) and adiposity is controversial. This paper describes a cross-sectional investigation... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adipose tissue Adiposity Adult Biomarkers - analysis Body composition Body Mass Index Body weight China - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Endocrinology Epidemiology of Endocrine Disorders Female Follow-Up Studies Health aspects Humans Incidence Intra-Abdominal Fat Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Nodules Obesity Obesity - physiopathology Overweight Population studies Prognosis Research Article Risk Factors rology Statistics Studies Thyroid Thyroid diseases Thyroid Nodule - epidemiology Thyroid nodules Ultrasound Visceral fat area |
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| Title | Association of adiposity with thyroid nodules: a cross-sectional study of a healthy population in Beijing, China |
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