同步喷施除草技术及除草剂消解动态规律
目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂,生产效率较低,劳动强度大,可能耽误施药较佳时期,从而会影响直播水稻生长。为了解决与水稻机械化穴播技术配套的除草技术问题,该文在水稻精量穴直播机的基础上,设计了一套同步喷施除草剂装置。在2014年早季、2015年早季和晚季的水稻机械穴直播大田生产中,采用二甲戊灵、扫茀特（主要成分丙草胺）和直播净（主要成分丙草胺）3种除草剂作为研究材料,开展了同步喷施除草剂的技术适应性以及不同除草剂有效成分在土壤和水体中的消解动态规律研究。研究结果表明,喷施20～23 d后,土壤和水体中的3种除草剂有效成分消解率均达95%以上;与二...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 16; pp. 59 - 64 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
南方粮油作物协同创新中心，长沙 410128%华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室，广州 510642
2016
华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室，广州 510642 南方粮油作物协同创新中心，长沙 410128 江西省农业机械研究所，南昌 330044%华南农业大学农学院,广州,510642 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.009 |
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| Abstract | 目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂,生产效率较低,劳动强度大,可能耽误施药较佳时期,从而会影响直播水稻生长。为了解决与水稻机械化穴播技术配套的除草技术问题,该文在水稻精量穴直播机的基础上,设计了一套同步喷施除草剂装置。在2014年早季、2015年早季和晚季的水稻机械穴直播大田生产中,采用二甲戊灵、扫茀特（主要成分丙草胺）和直播净（主要成分丙草胺）3种除草剂作为研究材料,开展了同步喷施除草剂的技术适应性以及不同除草剂有效成分在土壤和水体中的消解动态规律研究。研究结果表明,喷施20～23 d后,土壤和水体中的3种除草剂有效成分消解率均达95%以上;与二甲戊灵除草剂相比,喷施扫茀特除草剂后的水稻成苗和杂草控制效果较好;与不喷施除草剂对照（CK1）相比,同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量增加了4.02%～10.79%,播种后3d喷施扫茀特处理产量增加了7.65%;与播种后3 d喷施扫茀特处理相比,同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量变化仅为-3.38%～2.91%,可见,扫茀特除草剂的适应性较好;播种时同步喷施除草剂后,稻田土壤中除草剂浓度较播后3 d喷施处理的高,水体中除草剂存留时间较土壤中的长;在建议的平均用药量条件下,喷施扫茀特除草剂后20～23 d在土壤或水体中的有效成分含量较直播净除草剂高。研究结果可为同步喷施水稻精量穴直播技术与机具的改进研究提供参考。 |
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| AbstractList | S223.2+3; 目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d 后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂，生产效率较低，劳动强度大，可能耽误施药较佳时期，从而会影响直播水稻生长。为了解决与水稻机械化穴播技术配套的除草技术问题，该文在水稻精量穴直播机的基础上，设计了一套同步喷施除草剂装置。在2014年早季、2015年早季和晚季的水稻机械穴直播大田生产中，采用二甲戊灵、扫茀特（主要成分丙草胺）和直播净（主要成分丙草胺）3种除草剂作为研究材料，开展了同步喷施除草剂的技术适应性以及不同除草剂有效成分在土壤和水体中的消解动态规律研究。研究结果表明，喷施20～23 d 后，土壤和水体中的3种除草剂有效成分消解率均达95%以上；与二甲戊灵除草剂相比，喷施扫茀特除草剂后的水稻成苗和杂草控制效果较好；与不喷施除草剂对照（CK1）相比，同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量增加了4.02%～10.79%，播种后3d 喷施扫茀特处理产量增加了7.65%；与播种后3 d 喷施扫茀特处理相比，同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量变化仅为?3.38%～2.91%，可见，扫茀特除草剂的适应性较好；播种时同步喷施除草剂后，稻田土壤中除草剂浓度较播后3 d 喷施处理的高，水体中除草剂存留时间较土壤中的长；在建议的平均用药量条件下，喷施扫茀特除草剂后20～23 d 在土壤或水体中的有效成分含量较直播净除草剂高。研究结果可为同步喷施水稻精量穴直播技术与机具的改进研究提供参考。 目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂,生产效率较低,劳动强度大,可能耽误施药较佳时期,从而会影响直播水稻生长。为了解决与水稻机械化穴播技术配套的除草技术问题,该文在水稻精量穴直播机的基础上,设计了一套同步喷施除草剂装置。在2014年早季、2015年早季和晚季的水稻机械穴直播大田生产中,采用二甲戊灵、扫茀特（主要成分丙草胺）和直播净（主要成分丙草胺）3种除草剂作为研究材料,开展了同步喷施除草剂的技术适应性以及不同除草剂有效成分在土壤和水体中的消解动态规律研究。研究结果表明,喷施20～23 d后,土壤和水体中的3种除草剂有效成分消解率均达95%以上;与二甲戊灵除草剂相比,喷施扫茀特除草剂后的水稻成苗和杂草控制效果较好;与不喷施除草剂对照（CK1）相比,同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量增加了4.02%～10.79%,播种后3d喷施扫茀特处理产量增加了7.65%;与播种后3 d喷施扫茀特处理相比,同步喷施扫茀特处理的产量变化仅为-3.38%～2.91%,可见,扫茀特除草剂的适应性较好;播种时同步喷施除草剂后,稻田土壤中除草剂浓度较播后3 d喷施处理的高,水体中除草剂存留时间较土壤中的长;在建议的平均用药量条件下,喷施扫茀特除草剂后20～23 d在土壤或水体中的有效成分含量较直播净除草剂高。研究结果可为同步喷施水稻精量穴直播技术与机具的改进研究提供参考。 |
| Abstract_FL | At present, there are problems such as low production efficiency and high labor intensity in the weeding technology of rice direct seeding field, which will delay the best time of spraying and affect the growth of direct seeding rice. A kind of weed control technology and corresponding device with synchronous seeding and spraying were proposed in order to solve the technical problems of weeding, which were supported by the rice mechanical hill-drop drilling technology. The device’s adaptability on field production and the active ingredients of herbicide residues and the dynamic rule of herbicide degradation in soil and water were studied as well. This research was carried out in early season of 2014, and early season and late season of 2015 respectively. Three kinds of herbicides, Pendimethalin, Sofit (pretilachlor) and Zhibojing (pretilachlor), were applied in this study to support rice mechanical hill-drop drilling technology with synchronously spraying herbicide. The research results were as follows: Firstly, the degradation rate of active ingredients in soil and water was above 95% after 20-23 days. Secondly, compared with Pendimethalin, Sofit had a better adaptability and a smaller influence on rice germination, growth and yield. Compared with the control treatment of no spraying herbicide (CK1), synchronous spraying Sofit treatment increased the rice yield by 4.02%-10.79%, and spraying Sofit 3 days after seeding increased the rice yield by 7.65%. Compared with spraying Sofit 3 days after seeding, the rice yield change of synchronous spraying treatment was only from-3.38% to 2.91%. Lastly, there were more active ingredients of herbicide by using the approach with synchronous seeding and spraying than that with spraying 3 days after seeding. Herbicide residue time in the water was found to be longer than that in the soil, and Sofit had a higher content of active ingredients than Zhibojing in both soil and water. The research results can provide reference for synchronous spraying with precision rice hill-drop drilling technology and machine. The research results show that this technology can not only ensure the herbicide effectiveness and grass control effect, but also improve production efficiency and reduce labor intensity. Because the application of synchronous spraying technology has just started, the technology needs more studies. From agronomy aspect, it must study the adaptability of various herbicides, spraying concentration and spraying conditions. From machinery aspect, it must research and develop advanced synchronous spraying herbicide device, especially to improve the uniformity of spraying, the synchronization of spraying and the intelligence of control. |
| Author | 王在满 王宝龙 张明华 戴亿政 莫钊文 罗锡文 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128 华南农业大学农学院,广州510642 江西省农业机械研究所,南昌330044 |
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| Author_FL | Zhang Minghua Mo Zhaowen Wang Baolong Wang Zaiman Dai Yizheng Luo Xiwen |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery dynamic degradation precision hill-drop drilling 精量穴直播 除草剂 水稻 喷施 动态消解 spraying rice 农业机械 herbicides |
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| Notes | 11-2047/S spraying; herbicides; agricultural machinery; rice; precision hill-drop drilling; dynamic degradation Wang Zaiman,Wang Baolong,Zhang Minghua,Dai Yizheng,Mo Zhaowen,Luo Xiwen （ 1. Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642, China; 2. Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China; 3.College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; 4. Jiangxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Nanchang 330044, China） At present, there are problems such as low production efficiency and high labor intensity in the weeding technology of rice direct seeding field, which will delay the best time of spraying and affect the growth of direct seeding rice. A kind of weed control technology and corresponding device with synchronous seeding and spraying were proposed in order to solve the technical problems of weeding, which |
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| Snippet | 目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂,生产效率较低,劳动强度大,可能耽误施药较佳时期,从而会影响直播水稻生长。为了解决与水稻... S223.2+3; 目前水稻直播稻田的常用除草方法是在播种3～5 d 后采用喷雾机具喷施土壤处理除草剂，生产效率较低，劳动强度大，可能耽误施药较佳时期，从而会影响直播水稻生... |
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| SubjectTerms | 农业机械 动态消解 喷施 水稻 精量穴直播 除草剂 |
| Title | 同步喷施除草技术及除草剂消解动态规律 |
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