坡面细沟侵蚀断面形态发育影响因素分析及动力特性试验

研究细沟形态发育过程对认识细沟侵蚀具有重要作用,该文采用6种坡度（2°、4°、6°、8°、10°、12°）,5种流量（8、16、24、32、40 L/min）下的组合冲刷试验,系统研究了坡面细沟横纵断面形态发育影响机制及动力特性。结果表明：细沟宽深比变化范围为3.006-4.884,根据水力最佳断面,细沟水流远未达到稳定。横断面形态系数随坡度的变化范围为0.36-0.522,细沟横断面形态随流量、坡度以及冲刷历时均趋近于梯形水力最佳断面,即阻力最小的断面。随着流程长度的增加,横断面形态由宽深逐渐变窄,横断面形态系数也随之减小。细沟纵断面形态范围为0.60-11.26,且随坡度的增大而增大,与流...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 209 - 216
Main Author 马小玲 张宽地 杨帆 杨明义 董旭
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨陵 712100%中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨陵,712100 2017
西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌,712100%西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌 712100
Subjects
侵蚀
土壤
形态指标系数
消能率
细沟形态
试验
跌坑
侵蚀
形态指标系数
试验
drop pit
土壤
rill morphology
跌坑
experiment
erosion
消能率
form index coefficient
细沟形态
soils
energy dissipation efficiency
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.029

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Summary:研究细沟形态发育过程对认识细沟侵蚀具有重要作用,该文采用6种坡度（2°、4°、6°、8°、10°、12°）,5种流量（8、16、24、32、40 L/min）下的组合冲刷试验,系统研究了坡面细沟横纵断面形态发育影响机制及动力特性。结果表明：细沟宽深比变化范围为3.006-4.884,根据水力最佳断面,细沟水流远未达到稳定。横断面形态系数随坡度的变化范围为0.36-0.522,细沟横断面形态随流量、坡度以及冲刷历时均趋近于梯形水力最佳断面,即阻力最小的断面。随着流程长度的增加,横断面形态由宽深逐渐变窄,横断面形态系数也随之减小。细沟纵断面形态范围为0.60-11.26,且随坡度的增大而增大,与流量相关性不大。综合阻力系数及消能率均与细沟纵断面形态系数呈良好的幂函数关系。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
Rill erosion is the process of soil particles separating in the groove and handling by rill flow, and it is one type of surface corrosion, and the rill formed can be completely filled by normal farming activities. In the loess plateau region, rill erosion of slope accounts for more than 70% of the total erosion, and rill erosion is a major erosion in the loess plateau hilly land, and is also an important part of mechanism of slope erosion prediction. Rills are small channels which function as both sediment sources and sediment transport vehicles on hill slopes. It is a quantum leap during the process of soil erosion on slopes, and is also the beginning of qualitative changes in the process of soil erosion. The rill morphology development plays an important role in the understanding of rill erosion. Rill morphology changes have many influence factors in the process of rill erosion, so systematically studying the relationship between rill shape coefficient and influencing factors can make us better und
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.029