川北紫色土小流域植被建设的水土保持效应
定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985-2001年逐日径流量和输沙量,结合实测日降雨量,采用Spearman秩相关统计法分析流域径流和输沙变化趋势,应用流量历时曲线和双累积曲线分析流域植被建设实施前后径流和输沙变化特征,并定量评估植被建设的水土保持效应。结果表明：结合防护林营造时间和双累积曲线分析,把水文序列分为基准期（1985-1990年）和评价期（1991-2001年）,相比基准期,评价期小流域的年均降水量减少约8.1%,而年径流深和年输沙模数却分别减少34.6%和89.9%,说明以植被建设为主的人类活动起到重要作用...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 141 - 147 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
四川省高校水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室，成都 611130%中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室，北京 100048
2017
水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心，北京 100048%四川农业大学林学院,成都,611130 四川农业大学林学院，成都 611130 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.02.019 |
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| Abstract | 定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985-2001年逐日径流量和输沙量,结合实测日降雨量,采用Spearman秩相关统计法分析流域径流和输沙变化趋势,应用流量历时曲线和双累积曲线分析流域植被建设实施前后径流和输沙变化特征,并定量评估植被建设的水土保持效应。结果表明：结合防护林营造时间和双累积曲线分析,把水文序列分为基准期（1985-1990年）和评价期（1991-2001年）,相比基准期,评价期小流域的年均降水量减少约8.1%,而年径流深和年输沙模数却分别减少34.6%和89.9%,说明以植被建设为主的人类活动起到重要作用。同时,植被建设的削洪增枯效果明显,评价期的丰水日径流深和平水日径流深较基准期分别减少了84.2%和76.3%,而枯水日径流深却增加了650.0%;结合双累积曲线和分离判别法可知,植被建设在径流和输沙变化中的贡献率分别达92.9%和94.3%,大规模的植被建设在减少土壤侵蚀的同时也减少了产流量,考虑到水安全问题,未来植被建设应合理规划。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985-2001年逐日径流量和输沙量,结合实测日降雨量,采用Spearman秩相关统计法分析流域径流和输沙变化趋势,应用流量历时曲线和双累积曲线分析流域植被建设实施前后径流和输沙变化特征,并定量评估植被建设的水土保持效应。结果表明：结合防护林营造时间和双累积曲线分析,把水文序列分为基准期（1985-1990年）和评价期（1991-2001年）,相比基准期,评价期小流域的年均降水量减少约8.1%,而年径流深和年输沙模数却分别减少34.6%和89.9%,说明以植被建设为主的人类活动起到重要作用。同时,植被建设的削洪增枯效果明显,评价期的丰水日径流深和平水日径流深较基准期分别减少了84.2%和76.3%,而枯水日径流深却增加了650.0%;结合双累积曲线和分离判别法可知,植被建设在径流和输沙变化中的贡献率分别达92.9%和94.3%,大规模的植被建设在减少土壤侵蚀的同时也减少了产流量,考虑到水安全问题,未来植被建设应合理规划。 S157.1%S157.2; 定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985－2001年逐日径流量和输沙量，结合实测日降雨量，采用Spearman秩相关统计法分析流域径流和输沙变化趋势，应用流量历时曲线和双累积曲线分析流域植被建设实施前后径流和输沙变化特征，并定量评估植被建设的水土保持效应。结果表明：结合防护林营造时间和双累积曲线分析，把水文序列分为基准期（1985－1990年）和评价期（1991－2001年），相比基准期，评价期小流域的年均降水量减少约8.1%，而年径流深和年输沙模数却分别减少34.6%和89.9%，说明以植被建设为主的人类活动起到重要作用。同时，植被建设的削洪增枯效果明显，评价期的丰水日径流深和平水日径流深较基准期分别减少了84.2%和76.3%，而枯水日径流深却增加了650.0%；结合双累积曲线和分离判别法可知，植被建设在径流和输沙变化中的贡献率分别达92.9%和94.3%，大规模的植被建设在减少土壤侵蚀的同时也减少了产流量，考虑到水安全问题，未来植被建设应合理规划。 |
| Abstract_FL | Purple soil is thin in depth and its corrosion resistance is poor. Coupled with heavy and concentrated rainfall and severe human disturbance, soil erosion is very serious. In recent decades, especially later 1980s, projects of forestry ecological engineering have been implemented in the area, which has brought remarkable ecological benefit. It is important for watershed manager to quantitatively evaluate soil and water conservation function of vegetation construction. Based on daily rainfall, daily runoff and daily sediment yield during 1985-2001 in Hemingguan watershed II of northern Sichuan, the change trends of runoff and sediment were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Moreover, the effect of soil and water conservation of vegetation construction was evaluated quantitatively using the methods of double mass curve and flow duration curve. The results showed that the reference period (1985-1990) and the evaluation period (1991-2001) were separated from the hydrological sequences according to the result of double mass curve and the implement time of vegetation construction. Compared with the reference period, annual runoff depth and annual sediment delivery modulus reduced by 34.6% and 89.9%in the evaluation period, whereas annual rainfall only reduced by 8.1%. It was illustrated that vegetation construction, as the main part of human activity, played an important role for runoff and sediment reduction. With forest vegetation restoring, more and more rainfall was intercepted by canopy and litter of forest. Then the intercepted water was translated into vapor by evapotranspiration of forestland or groundwater through infiltration. If annual rainfall remained unchanged, surface runoff turned smaller as evapotranspiration grew up. Simultaneously, with forest vegetation construction, forest vegetation reduced soil erosion with the improvement of root fixation, soil structure and infiltration rate. Terrain roughness was another cause to reduce soil erosion accompanied by surface runoff. The forest vegetation might control surface runoff by lush foliage and huge root system. High flow and normal flow during the evaluation period reduced by 84.2% and 76.3% compared to those during the reference period. Nevertheless, low flow increased by 650.0%. Vegetation construction obviously reduced high flow and increased low flow. The rainfall infiltration capacity of watershed underlying surface was enhanced by the vegetation construction, which increased the rainfall infiltration content and runoff interception, and delayed the formation of runoff. Therefore, high flow turned to smaller during the period of vegetation construction. In drought period, the water stored in soil and groundwater began to be released to feed low flow. For forest watershed, a large amount of water was restored under the surface, which might provide more water than bare watershed. So, in the period of vegetation construction, low flow showed an increasing trend instead of decreasing. Combining double mass curve with separation and discrimination method, the vegetation construction’s contribution to the reduction of runoff and sediment was 92.9% and 94.3% during the evaluation period, respectively. In the watershed of 42 hm2, from 1987 to 1991, a total of 53 thousandAlnus cremastogyne Burk., 37 thousand Cupressus funebrisEndl., 31 thousandMorus alba L., 800Citrus reticulata Blanco, 10 hm2Coriaria nepalensisWall. and Vitex negundoLinn were planted. Forestland was increased from 9.72 to 20.13 hm2, which made coverage increased by over 1 time. It was seen that vegetation construction has exerted a leading role on the decrement of runoff and sediment. Furthermore, the effect of soil conservation is better than that of water conservation. When reducing the sediment, runoff is also reduced. Therefore, water safety should be taken into account besides controlling soil erosion. A reasonable vegetation construction plan is needed in the future. |
| Author | 郑江坤 李静苑 秦伟 单志杰 李柏 郎登潇 马星 廖峰 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 四川省高校水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,成都611130 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,北京100048 |
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| Author_FL | Li Bai Qin Wei Li Jingyuan Ma Xing Shan Zhijie Lang Dengxiao Liao Feng Zheng Jiangkun |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Zheng Jiangkun – sequence: 2 fullname: Li Jingyuan – sequence: 3 fullname: Qin Wei – sequence: 4 fullname: Shan Zhijie – sequence: 5 fullname: Li Bai – sequence: 6 fullname: Lang Dengxiao – sequence: 7 fullname: Ma Xing – sequence: 8 fullname: Liao Feng |
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| Keywords | runoff vegetation purple soil 双累积曲线 保水固土 植被 flow duration curve 流量历时曲线 soil and water conservation 径流 泥沙 double mass curve 紫色土 sediments |
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| Notes | 11-2047/S Zheng Jiangkun1,2, Li Jingyuan1,2, Qin Wei3,4, Shan Zhijie3,4, Li Bai3,4, Lang Dengxiao1, Ma Xing1, Liao Feng1 （1. College of forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation ＆ Desertification Combating of Colleges and Universities in Siehuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Itydropower Research, Beo＇ing ! 00048, China; 4. Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resource, Beijing 100048, China） Purple soil is thin in depth and its corrosion resistance is poor. Coupled with heavy and concentrated rainfall and severe human disturbance, soil erosion is very serious. In recent decades, especially later 1980 s, projects of forestry ecological engineering have been implemented in the area, which has brought remarkable ecological benefit. It is important for watershed manager to quantitative |
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| Publisher | 四川省高校水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室，成都 611130%中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室，北京 100048 水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心，北京 100048%四川农业大学林学院,成都,611130 四川农业大学林学院，成都 611130 |
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| Snippet | 定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985-2001年逐日径流量和输沙量,结合实测日降雨量,采... S157.1%S157.2; 定量评价林草植被的水土保持功能对合理指导紫色土区的流域综合治理具有重要作用。该研究基于鹤鸣观流域Ⅱ号支沟1985－2001年逐日径流量和输沙量，结合实测日... |
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| Title | 川北紫色土小流域植被建设的水土保持效应 |
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