农业区环境-经济综合效益模型构建及应用

农业经济发展与环境保护是既有矛盾又紧密联系的2个重要问题。为了客观科学地进行农业环境效益和经济效益的评价,该文以位山灌区为例,构建了农业区环境-经济综合效益模型,以农业净收益最大化为目标函数,以环境限制（氮淋失量）为约束,利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟计算了不同灌溉和施肥情景下的氮淋失量、根系吸氮量和作物产量,得出作物产量、氮淋失量与灌溉量和施肥量之间的回归方程系数,再利用Matlab优化工具得出不同的氮淋失量控制条件下的灌区优化施肥和灌溉方案。结果表明,农作物净收益随着环境限制条件的放松（即允许氮淋失量的增大）而增加,但增加速度逐渐减缓,表明以牺牲环境达到农业增收的边际效益呈递减趋势。位山灌...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 19; pp. 202 - 207
Main Author 唐莉华 杨大文 孟凡磊 马欢
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 清华大学水利水电工程系，水沙科学与水利工程国家重点实验室，北京 100084%水利部海河水利委员会,天津,300170 2015
Subjects
Hydrus-1D模型
位山灌区
农业污染
氮淋失
氮肥
灌溉
经济
nitrogen fertilizers
Hydrus-1D model
位山灌区
agricultural pollution
经济
Hydrus-1D模型
economics
灌溉
irrigation
氮淋失
the Weishan irrigation district
氮肥
农业污染
nitrogen leaching
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.028

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Summary:农业经济发展与环境保护是既有矛盾又紧密联系的2个重要问题。为了客观科学地进行农业环境效益和经济效益的评价,该文以位山灌区为例,构建了农业区环境-经济综合效益模型,以农业净收益最大化为目标函数,以环境限制（氮淋失量）为约束,利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟计算了不同灌溉和施肥情景下的氮淋失量、根系吸氮量和作物产量,得出作物产量、氮淋失量与灌溉量和施肥量之间的回归方程系数,再利用Matlab优化工具得出不同的氮淋失量控制条件下的灌区优化施肥和灌溉方案。结果表明,农作物净收益随着环境限制条件的放松（即允许氮淋失量的增大）而增加,但增加速度逐渐减缓,表明以牺牲环境达到农业增收的边际效益呈递减趋势。位山灌区在允许氮淋失量为500 kg/hm2（以N计）时的净收益达到最大,相应的灌溉量为240 mm,施肥量为732 kg/hm2（以N计）。如需更严格控制氮淋失量,施肥量将受到限制,可能导致农民净收益减少,政府可通过农业环境补贴的方式进行经济补偿,以鼓励更环保的生产活动。通过科学合理的灌溉量和施肥量指导,可以实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢。研究结果可为灌区农业环境管理和政府环境保护补偿方式的制定提供参考。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
Agricultural economy development and environment protection are often contradictory and closely linked in today＇s world. For example, fertilizer application in some extent can increase crop production. On the other hand, it also may cause non-point source pollution and aggravate water pollution. In order to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of agricultural activities objectively and scientifically, an integrated agricultural enviro-economic model was established in this study. The maximum of crop net profit calculated by agricultural input and output is the target function in this model, and the limit condition is the nitrogen loads released to the surface water body and/or groundwater. Thus how to calculate the crop yield and nitrogen leaching is the key issue. The Weishan irrigation district is the fifth irrigation district in China, which is irrigated by the Yellow River. More than 90% of the area is farmland, with rotation of winter wheat and summer maize. As a case study, the Weis
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.028