小田块变量施肥系统优化设计与应用
针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥方案,在现有机械式播种施肥机基础上进行了自动化改造,构建了一套基于简易电子处方图系统的变量施肥系统;变量施肥作业时,以单个自然田块为处理单元,依托所建立的简单实用的电子处方图系统,实现多种肥料按需配比、同一田块均匀施肥、不同田块变量施肥的功能。为提高播量精度和播量稳定性,对普通精度GPS模块的数据进行了差分和卡尔曼滤波处理,对外槽轮施肥播种器结构进行了优化设计。田间试验结果表明：电子处方图运行结果准确,施肥播种机工作稳定,种子和肥料的最大和平...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 35 - 41 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京 210031%南京农业大学工学院,南京,210031
2018
南京农业大学工学院,南京 210031 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.03.005 |
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| Abstract | 针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥方案,在现有机械式播种施肥机基础上进行了自动化改造,构建了一套基于简易电子处方图系统的变量施肥系统;变量施肥作业时,以单个自然田块为处理单元,依托所建立的简单实用的电子处方图系统,实现多种肥料按需配比、同一田块均匀施肥、不同田块变量施肥的功能。为提高播量精度和播量稳定性,对普通精度GPS模块的数据进行了差分和卡尔曼滤波处理,对外槽轮施肥播种器结构进行了优化设计。田间试验结果表明：电子处方图运行结果准确,施肥播种机工作稳定,种子和肥料的最大和平均播量误差分别为3.91%和2.09%,最大和平均动态误差分别为4.52%和1.48%。该研究可为苏南小田块地区推广变量施肥提供技术参考。 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | S237; 针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥方案,在现有机械式播种施肥机基础上进行了自动化改造,构建了一套基于简易电子处方图系统的变量施肥系统;变量施肥作业时,以单个自然田块为处理单元,依托所建立的简单实用的电子处方图系统,实现多种肥料按需配比、同一田块均匀施肥、不同田块变量施肥的功能.为提高播量精度和播量稳定性,对普通精度GPS模块的数据进行了差分和卡尔曼滤波处理,对外槽轮施肥播种器结构进行了优化设计.田间试验结果表明:电子处方图运行结果准确,施肥播种机工作稳定,种子和肥料的最大和平均播量误差分别为3.91%和2.09%,最大和平均动态误差分别为4.52%和1.48%.该研究可为苏南小田块地区推广变量施肥提供技术参考. 针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥方案,在现有机械式播种施肥机基础上进行了自动化改造,构建了一套基于简易电子处方图系统的变量施肥系统;变量施肥作业时,以单个自然田块为处理单元,依托所建立的简单实用的电子处方图系统,实现多种肥料按需配比、同一田块均匀施肥、不同田块变量施肥的功能。为提高播量精度和播量稳定性,对普通精度GPS模块的数据进行了差分和卡尔曼滤波处理,对外槽轮施肥播种器结构进行了优化设计。田间试验结果表明：电子处方图运行结果准确,施肥播种机工作稳定,种子和肥料的最大和平均播量误差分别为3.91%和2.09%,最大和平均动态误差分别为4.52%和1.48%。该研究可为苏南小田块地区推广变量施肥提供技术参考。 |
| Abstract_FL | The farmlands in South Jiangsu province in China usually have characteristics of small acreage with fixed field boundary, balanced fertility inside one field plot and possibly significant fertility difference among different field plots even though some plots are close to each other. The reason for this phenomenon is that farmlands have been already assigned to rural families in small-scale-size plots for decades and the field plots are farmed by rural families independently. Rural families have a good understanding of overall soil fertility and yield potential about their own field plots, but they are not very clear about the matching relationship of target plant production and the needed amount of fertilizer for each field plot. According to the characteristics of farmland plots and the technical barriers of carrying out variable rate fertilization in South Jiangsu province, a simple executable scheme of variable rate fertilization was proposed in this paper. This scheme referred to a rough production-fertilization relation model which was established based on the "target output and fertilizer amount" theory by local government's agricultural departments in South Jiangsu Province. The final scheme for variable rate of fertilizer application is based on yield potential and target production data of the field plots. Using this scheme, the soil fertility of the field plots were classified into different grades. The target production of the field plots were discretized into finite data sets which were corresponding to different target amount of fertilizer application. Implementing this scheme for variable rate of fertilizer application was expected to obtain these effects: uniform application of fertilizer inside one field plot and adjusting the amount of fertilizer application to meet the actual needs of different field plots. The fertilizer-seeder machine for variable rate application, which was equipped with an electronic prescription map system based on the scheme of variable rate fertilization, was renovated from a mechanical sowing machine into an automatically operating system. The renovated system has the ability to automatically sense the working place site and the forward speed in field, and automatically adjusts the flow rate of the seeders with the help from the electronic prescription map system. With single crop field plot which has naturally-formatted boundary as a basic processing unit, the variable rate fertilizer-seeder which was equipped with an electronic prescription map system has the function as following: automatically mixing various fertilizers together as needs, uniform application of fertilizer inside a natural field plot and variable rate fertilization among different natural field plots. In order to further improve the precision quality and working stability. The data from the ordinary precision GPS model were processed with the methods of differential treatment and Kalman-filtering, which can reduce the data fluctuation caused by noise signal. The structure of fertilizer seeder with outer slots was optimized, which can efficiently reduce the edge leakage of fertilizer seeder and improve the flow rate consistency of the fertilizer seeder. Field experiments results showed that the operating outcomes of the electronic prescription map system were correct, the variable rate fertilizer seeder had a stable working state, the biggest and averaged amount errors were correspondingly 3.91% and 2.09%, while the biggest and averaged dynamic errors were correspondingly 4.52% and 1.48%. The research results can be the reference for implementing variable rate fertilization in small-scaled fields in South Jiangsu province in China. |
| Author | 余洪锋;丁永前;刘海涛;朱文倩;刘国强;傅秀清;丁为民 |
| AuthorAffiliation | 南京农业大学工学院,南京210031;江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京210031 |
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| Author_FL | Liu Guoqiang Ding Weimin Yu Hongfeng Fu Xiuqing Ding Yongqian Liu Haitao Zhu Wenqian |
| Author_FL_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Yu Hongfeng – sequence: 2 fullname: Ding Yongqian – sequence: 3 fullname: Liu Haitao – sequence: 4 fullname: Zhu Wenqian – sequence: 5 fullname: Liu Guoqiang – sequence: 6 fullname: Fu Xiuqing – sequence: 7 fullname: Ding Weimin |
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| Keywords | agricultural machinery 设计 变量施肥 variable rate fertilization 试验 自然田块 design experiments fields with naturally-formatted board 农业机械 |
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| Notes | 11-2047/S Yu Hongfeng1,2, Ding Yongqian1,2※, Liu Haitao1, Zhu Wenqian1, Liu Guoqiang1, Fu Xiuqing1, Ding Weimin1,2 （1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing 210031, China） The farmlands in South Jiangsu province in China usually have characteristics of small acreage with fixed field boundary, balanced fertility inside one field plot and possibly significant fertility difference among different field plots even though some plots are close to each other. The reason for this phenomenon is that farmlands have been already assigned to rural families in small-scale-size plots for decades and the field plots are farmed by rural families independently. Rural families have a good understanding of overall soil fertility and yield potential about their own field plots, but they are not very clear about the matching relationship of target plant production and the needed amount of fertilizer for each field plo |
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| Publisher | 江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京 210031%南京农业大学工学院,南京,210031 南京农业大学工学院,南京 210031 |
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| Snippet | 针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥方案,... S237; 针对苏南地区推广变量施肥存在的施肥策略过于精细化导致高密度土壤信息不易获取和普通的施肥机械难以达到播量精度等主要技术障碍,该文建立了一种简单实用的变量施肥... |
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| SubjectTerms | 农业机械 变量施肥 自然田块 设计 试验 |
| Title | 小田块变量施肥系统优化设计与应用 |
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