DNA damage and health effects in juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) exposed to PAHs associated with oil-polluted sediment or produced water

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 15; no. 10; p. e0240307
• Main Authors: Meier, Sonnich, Karlsen, Ørjan, Le Goff, Jeremie, Sørensen, Lisbet, Sørhus, Elin, Pampanin, Daniela M., Donald, Carey E., Fjelldal, Per Gunnar, Dunaevskaya, Evgenia, Romano, Marta, Caliani, Ilaria, Casini, Silvia, Bogevik, André S., Olsvik, Pål A., Myers, Mark, Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 22.10.2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adducts; Administration, Oral; Analysis; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics; Bile; Biological effects; Biology and Life Sciences; Crude oil; CYP1A protein; Cytochrome P450; Damage; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Detoxification; Distillation; Distilled water; DNA; DNA adducts; DNA Damage; Drilling; Drilling muds; Earth Sciences; Engineering and Technology; Environmental aspects; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Exposure; Fish; Fisheries; Gadiformes - genetics; Gadiformes - growth & development; Gadinae; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - drug effects; Haddock; Health aspects; Histopathology; Hydrocarbons; Infusions, Parenteral; Injection; Intestine; Intestines - chemistry; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Liver; Liver - chemistry; Medicine and Health Sciences; Melanogrammus aeglefinus; Metabolites; Norway; Oil; Oil fields; Oil pollution; Peroxidation; Petroleum; Petroleum Pollution; Physical Sciences; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - administration & dosage; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity; Recovery; Sediment pollution; Soil Pollutants - administration & dosage; Soil Pollutants - toxicity; Water Pollutants, Chemical - administration & dosage; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water pollution; Norway; Italy; North Sea
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240307

The research objective was to study the presence of DNA damages in haddock exposed to petrogenic or pyrogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different sources: 1) extracts of oil produced water (PW), dominated by 2-ring PAHs; 2) distillation fractions of crude oil (representing oil-based drilling mud), dominated by 3-ring PAHs; 3) heavy pyrogenic PAHs, mixture of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. The biological effect of the different PAH sources was studied by feeding juvenile haddock with low doses of PAHs (0.3-0.7 mg PAH/kg fish/day) for two months, followed by a two-months recovery. In addition to the oral exposure, a group of fish was exposed to 12 single compounds of PAHs (4/5/6-ring) via intraperitoneal injection. The main endpoint was the analysis of hepatic and intestinal DNA adducts. In addition, PAH burden in liver, bile metabolites, gene and protein expression of CYP1A, GST activity, lipid peroxidation, skeletal deformities and histopathology of livers were evaluated. Juvenile haddock responded quickly to both intraperitoneal injection and oral exposure of 4/5/6-ring PAHs. High levels of DNA adducts were detected in livers three days after the dose of the single compound exposure. Fish had also high levels of DNA adducts in liver after being fed with extracts dominated by 2-ring PAHs (a PW exposure scenario) and 3-ring PAHs (simulating an oil exposure scenario). Elevated levels of DNA adducts were observed in the liver of all exposed groups after the 2 months of recovery. High levels of DNA adduct were found also in the intestines of individuals exposed to oil or heavy PAHs, but not in the PW or control groups. This suggests that the intestinal barrier is very important for detoxification of orally exposures of PAHs.