适宜棉花成苗的咸水灌溉方式及矿化度指标确定

为大规模开发利用河北低平原浅层地下咸水，保障棉花生产，该文采用畦灌和沟灌2种造墒方式，设计5种灌溉水矿化度水平，开展了连续6a的大田咸水造墒植棉试验，分析了不同造墒方式下灌溉水矿化度对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，当灌溉水矿化度达到一定水平后棉花齐苗率显著降低（P＜0.05），由于棉花萌发和出苗阶段抗逆性差，棉花齐苗率显著降低时的灌溉水矿化度阈值年际间差异较大；2种造墒方式下棉花齐苗率与耕层土壤盐度显著相关（P＜0.01），且相关方程的斜率相近，但畦灌处理的耕层地温和其他土壤性状指标优于沟灌处理，导致土壤盐度相同时畦灌处理的棉花齐苗率高出5.5～7.7个百分点；4 g/L以上灌溉水矿化度...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 30; no. 22; pp. 95 - 101
Main Author 冯棣 张俊鹏 曹彩云 郑春莲 孙池涛 孙景生
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101%中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,新乡,453002%河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,衡水,053000 2014
中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室，新乡 453002
Subjects
咸水
土壤盐度
幼苗生长
棉花
灌溉
齐苗率
灌溉
irrigation
棉花
咸水
齐苗率
幼苗生长
saline water
seedling growth
cotton
土壤盐度
full stand establishment
soil salinity
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.22.012

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Summary:为大规模开发利用河北低平原浅层地下咸水，保障棉花生产，该文采用畦灌和沟灌2种造墒方式，设计5种灌溉水矿化度水平，开展了连续6a的大田咸水造墒植棉试验，分析了不同造墒方式下灌溉水矿化度对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，当灌溉水矿化度达到一定水平后棉花齐苗率显著降低（P＜0.05），由于棉花萌发和出苗阶段抗逆性差，棉花齐苗率显著降低时的灌溉水矿化度阈值年际间差异较大；2种造墒方式下棉花齐苗率与耕层土壤盐度显著相关（P＜0.01），且相关方程的斜率相近，但畦灌处理的耕层地温和其他土壤性状指标优于沟灌处理，导致土壤盐度相同时畦灌处理的棉花齐苗率高出5.5～7.7个百分点；4 g/L以上灌溉水矿化度处理的耕层土壤盐度呈现出随灌溉年份增加而累积的趋势，因此长期灌溉对棉花齐苗率的负面影响存在累积效应。在保证与淡水灌溉相比棉花齐苗率不降低的情况下，畦灌和沟灌处理的适宜造墒水矿化度应分别控制在6和4g/L以下，正常情况下畦灌较沟灌更有利于棉花齐苗和幼苗生长。该研究为指导当地咸水造墒植棉提供参考。
Bibliography:cotton;irrigation;saline water;soil salinity;full stand establishment;seedling growth
11-2047/S
Due to freshwater resources shortage and annual rainless spring, cotton cultivation in Hebei Low Plain is faced with the problems of using the shallow underground saline water. In order to evaluate the impact of long-term saline water irrigation on cotton seedling, and suggest the suitable irrigation method and irrigation water salinity to ensure optimal cotton full stand establishment, the 6 years field experiment under border irrigation and furrow irrigation with mineralized water before sowing was conducted. The response relations among different salt stress levels and cotton full stand establishment and seedling growing were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the cotton full stand establishment decreased when the salinity of irrigation water reached a threshold value, while the threshold had a large year-to-year fluctuations due to the sprout and emergence stage of cotton which was easy to be affecte
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.22.012