Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery

Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after a heart surgery. This post-operative arrhythmia is associated with an in...

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Published inJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 51; no. 8; pp. 793 - 801
Main Authors Echahidi, Najmeddine, Pibarot, Philippe, O’Hara, Gilles, Mathieu, Patrick
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 26.02.2008
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0735-1097
1558-3597
1558-3597
DOI10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.043

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Abstract Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after a heart surgery. This post-operative arrhythmia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative thromboembolism and mortality along with a substantial economic impact for the health care system. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the current state of knowledge about POAF and provide insights into the risk factors, causal mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this frequent post-operative complication. Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a higher risk of stroke, requires additional treatment, and increases the costs of the post-operative care. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the risk factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this complication. In addition to the well known risk factors for the development of POAF such as age, left atrial enlargement, and valvular surgery, new metabolic risk factors related to visceral obesity have been identified. With regard to the prevention of POAF, beta-blocker drugs are effective and safe and can be used in most patients, whereas amiodarone can be added in high-risk patients. Biatrial pacing was shown to be effective; however, its complexity might limit its application. Although there are only few data regarding the usefulness of magnesium, statins, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and corticosteroids, their addition to beta-blocker drugs might be of benefit for further reducing POAF. Treatment includes the use of an AV nodal blocking agent to achieve the rate control. If AF does not spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm within 24 h, anticoagulation should be initiated and a rhythm control strategy should be attempted. More investigations are warranted to explore mechanisms by which POAF occurs. This new knowledge would undoubtedly translate into a more efficient prevention and treatment of this common post-operative complication that is associated with a major health and economic burden.
AbstractList Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after a heart surgery. This post-operative arrhythmia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative thromboembolism and mortality along with a substantial economic impact for the health care system. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the current state of knowledge about POAF and provide insights into the risk factors, causal mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this frequent post-operative complication. Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a higher risk of stroke, requires additional treatment, and increases the costs of the post-operative care. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the risk factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this complication. In addition to the well known risk factors for the development of POAF such as age, left atrial enlargement, and valvular surgery, new metabolic risk factors related to visceral obesity have been identified. With regard to the prevention of POAF, beta-blocker drugs are effective and safe and can be used in most patients, whereas amiodarone can be added in high-risk patients. Biatrial pacing was shown to be effective; however, its complexity might limit its application. Although there are only few data regarding the usefulness of magnesium, statins, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and corticosteroids, their addition to beta-blocker drugs might be of benefit for further reducing POAF. Treatment includes the use of an AV nodal blocking agent to achieve the rate control. If AF does not spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm within 24 h, anticoagulation should be initiated and a rhythm control strategy should be attempted. More investigations are warranted to explore mechanisms by which POAF occurs. This new knowledge would undoubtedly translate into a more efficient prevention and treatment of this common post-operative complication that is associated with a major health and economic burden.
Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after a heart surgery. This post-operative arrhythmia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative thromboembolism and mortality along with a substantial economic impact for the health care system. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the current state of knowledge about POAF and provide insights into the risk factors, causal mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this frequent post-operative complication.
Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a higher risk of stroke, requires additional treatment, and increases the costs of the post-operative care. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the risk factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this complication. In addition to the well known risk factors for the development of POAF such as age, left atrial enlargement, and valvular surgery, new metabolic risk factors related to visceral obesity have been identified. With regard to the prevention of POAF, beta-blocker drugs are effective and safe and can be used in most patients, whereas amiodarone can be added in high-risk patients. Biatrial pacing was shown to be effective; however, its complexity might limit its application. Although there are only few data regarding the usefulness of magnesium, statins, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and corticosteroids, their addition to beta-blocker drugs might be of benefit for further reducing POAF. Treatment includes the use of an AV nodal blocking agent to achieve the rate control. If AF does not spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm within 24 h, anticoagulation should be initiated and a rhythm control strategy should be attempted. More investigations are warranted to explore mechanisms by which POAF occurs. This new knowledge would undoubtedly translate into a more efficient prevention and treatment of this common post-operative complication that is associated with a major health and economic burden.
Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a higher risk of stroke, requires additional treatment, and increases the costs of the post-operative care. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the risk factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this complication. In addition to the well known risk factors for the development of POAF such as age, left atrial enlargement, and valvular surgery, new metabolic risk factors related to visceral obesity have been identified. With regard to the prevention of POAF, beta-blocker drugs are effective and safe and can be used in most patients, whereas amiodarone can be added in high-risk patients. Biatrial pacing was shown to be effective; however, its complexity might limit its application. Although there are only few data regarding the usefulness of magnesium, statins, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and corticosteroids, their addition to beta-blocker drugs might be of benefit for further reducing POAF. Treatment includes the use of an AV nodal blocking agent to achieve the rate control. If AF does not spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm within 24 h, anticoagulation should be initiated and a rhythm control strategy should be attempted. More investigations are warranted to explore mechanisms by which POAF occurs. This new knowledge would undoubtedly translate into a more efficient prevention and treatment of this common post-operative complication that is associated with a major health and economic burden.Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a higher risk of stroke, requires additional treatment, and increases the costs of the post-operative care. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about the risk factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of this complication. In addition to the well known risk factors for the development of POAF such as age, left atrial enlargement, and valvular surgery, new metabolic risk factors related to visceral obesity have been identified. With regard to the prevention of POAF, beta-blocker drugs are effective and safe and can be used in most patients, whereas amiodarone can be added in high-risk patients. Biatrial pacing was shown to be effective; however, its complexity might limit its application. Although there are only few data regarding the usefulness of magnesium, statins, N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and corticosteroids, their addition to beta-blocker drugs might be of benefit for further reducing POAF. Treatment includes the use of an AV nodal blocking agent to achieve the rate control. If AF does not spontaneously convert to sinus rhythm within 24 h, anticoagulation should be initiated and a rhythm control strategy should be attempted. More investigations are warranted to explore mechanisms by which POAF occurs. This new knowledge would undoubtedly translate into a more efficient prevention and treatment of this common post-operative complication that is associated with a major health and economic burden.
Author Mathieu, Patrick
Echahidi, Najmeddine
O’Hara, Gilles
Pibarot, Philippe
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Najmeddine
  surname: Echahidi
  fullname: Echahidi, Najmeddine
  organization: Department of Medicine, Laval Hospital Research Center/Quebec Heart Institute, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Philippe
  surname: Pibarot
  fullname: Pibarot, Philippe
  organization: Department of Medicine, Laval Hospital Research Center/Quebec Heart Institute, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Gilles
  surname: O’Hara
  fullname: O’Hara, Gilles
  organization: Department of Medicine, Laval Hospital Research Center/Quebec Heart Institute, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Patrick
  surname: Mathieu
  fullname: Mathieu, Patrick
  email: patrick.mathieu@chg.ulaval.ca
  organization: Department of Surgery, Laval Hospital Research Center/Quebec Heart Institute, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294562$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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OR
AF
AV
CI
HR
CABG
PUFAs
post-operative atrial fibrillation
coronary artery bypass graft
odds ratio
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
atrioventricular
atrial fibrillation
hazard ratio
confidence interval
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Snippet Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu...
Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O’Hara, Patrick Mathieu...
Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication occurring in 30% to 50% of patients after cardiac surgery. It is associated with an...
Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery Najmeddine Echahidi, Philippe Pibarot, Gilles O'Hara, Patrick Mathieu...
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SubjectTerms Atrial Fibrillation - etiology
Atrial Fibrillation - prevention & control
Atrial Fibrillation - therapy
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiac Surgical Procedures - adverse effects
Cardiology
Cardiovascular
Heart surgery
Humans
Internal Medicine
Mortality
Postoperative period
Title Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.043
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294562
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1506197641
https://www.proquest.com/docview/70323704
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