Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates

Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free funga...

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Published inVeterinary sciences Vol. 10; no. 12; p. 684
Main Authors Wadaan, Mohammad Ahmad, Khattak, Baharullah, Riaz, Aneela, Hussain, Mubbashir, Khan, Muhammad Jamil, Fozia, Fozia, Iftikhar, Anisa, Ahmad, Ijaz, Khan, Muhammad Farooq, Baabbad, Almohannad, Ziaullah
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.12.2023
MDPI
Subjects
adult
Africa
agricultural soils
Alternaria
Animals
Arachnids
Aspergillus
Babesiosis
Biological control
Cattle
Chemical pest control
Control
dairy farm soil
Dairy farming
Dairy farms
Disease transmission
dose response
ectoparasites
Europe
filtrates
fungal culture
fungal spore-free filtrate
Fungi
Hyalomma
Hyalomma spp
Infections
Investigations
Larvae
Livestock
Livestock industry
Morphology
Mortality
Pakistan
Parasitic diseases
Pathogens
Penicillium
Pesticides
Pests
Theileriosis
ticks
Pakistan
Europe
Africa
fungal spore-free filtrate
dairy farm soil
ectoparasites
larvae
Hyalomma spp
adult
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2306-7381
2306-7381
DOI10.3390/vetsci10120684

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Abstract Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
AbstractList Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Simple SummaryHyalomma ticks severely impact cattle production in Pakistan; they are responsible for transmitting the pathogens Babesiosis and Theileriosis. This study tested biocontrol of Hyalomma ticks using spore-free fungal culture filtrates from Alternaria sp., Aspergillus, and Penicillium isolated from dairy farm soil in Kohat. Different filtrate concentrations were applied to tick adults and larvae. No mortality occurred in the first 3 days at any concentration. At 100% concentration, fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing the concentration lowered mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, with higher concentrations causing greater mortality. Fungal culture filtrates provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further research should explore active compounds and optimal application. This natural method could reduce chemical pesticide use against ticks and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.AbstractTicks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Hyalomma ticks severely impact cattle production in Pakistan; they are responsible for transmitting the pathogens Babesiosis and Theileriosis. This study tested biocontrol of Hyalomma ticks using spore-free fungal culture filtrates from Alternaria sp., Aspergillus, and Penicillium isolated from dairy farm soil in Kohat. Different filtrate concentrations were applied to tick adults and larvae. No mortality occurred in the first 3 days at any concentration. At 100% concentration, fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing the concentration lowered mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, with higher concentrations causing greater mortality. Fungal culture filtrates provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further research should explore active compounds and optimal application. This natural method could reduce chemical pesticide use against ticks and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Hyalomma ticks severely impact cattle production in Pakistan; they are responsible for transmitting the pathogens Babesiosis and Theileriosis. This study tested biocontrol of Hyalomma ticks using spore-free fungal culture filtrates from Alternaria sp., Aspergillus, and Penicillium isolated from dairy farm soil in Kohat. Different filtrate concentrations were applied to tick adults and larvae. No mortality occurred in the first 3 days at any concentration. At 100% concentration, fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing the concentration lowered mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, with higher concentrations causing greater mortality. Fungal culture filtrates provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further research should explore active compounds and optimal application. This natural method could reduce chemical pesticide use against ticks and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan. Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Audience Academic
Author Fozia, Fozia
Ahmad, Ijaz
Iftikhar, Anisa
Khattak, Baharullah
Hussain, Mubbashir
Khan, Muhammad Farooq
Baabbad, Almohannad
Ziaullah
Wadaan, Mohammad Ahmad
Riaz, Aneela
Khan, Muhammad Jamil
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Animal Sciences, Facility of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
4 Department of Biochemistry, KMU Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
5 Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Sciences & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; dr.ijaz@kust.edu.pk
7 College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2 Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 6 Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Sciences & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; dr.ijaz@kust.edu.pk
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Issue 12
Keywords fungal spore-free filtrate
dairy farm soil
ectoparasites
larvae
Hyalomma spp
adult
Language English
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Snippet Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma...
Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. spp., found...
Hyalomma ticks severely impact cattle production in Pakistan; they are responsible for transmitting the pathogens Babesiosis and Theileriosis. This study...
Simple SummaryHyalomma ticks severely impact cattle production in Pakistan; they are responsible for transmitting the pathogens Babesiosis and Theileriosis....
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StartPage 684
SubjectTerms adult
Africa
agricultural soils
Alternaria
Animals
Arachnids
Aspergillus
Babesiosis
Biological control
Cattle
Chemical pest control
Control
dairy farm soil
Dairy farming
Dairy farms
Disease transmission
dose response
ectoparasites
Europe
filtrates
fungal culture
fungal spore-free filtrate
Fungi
Hyalomma
Hyalomma spp
Infections
Investigations
Larvae
Livestock
Livestock industry
Morphology
Mortality
Pakistan
Parasitic diseases
Pathogens
Penicillium
Pesticides
Pests
Theileriosis
ticks
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Title Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates
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