Human immune and gut microbial parameters associated with inter-individual variations in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology...

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Published inCommunications biology Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 368 - 14
Main Authors Hirota, Masato, Tamai, Miho, Yukawa, Sachie, Taira, Naoyuki, Matthews, Melissa M., Toma, Takeshi, Seto, Yu, Yoshida, Makiko, Toguchi, Sakura, Miyagi, Mio, Mori, Tomoari, Tomori, Hiroaki, Tamai, Osamu, Kina, Mitsuo, Sakihara, Eishin, Yamashiro, Chiaki, Miyagi, Masatake, Tamaki, Kentaro, Wolf, Matthias, Collins, Mary K., Kitano, Hiroaki, Ishikawa, Hiroki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.04.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
13
13/31
38/1
38/39
38/91
631/250/2152/1566/1618
631/250/590/2293
Activator protein 1
Adaptive immunity
Antibodies, Viral
Biodegradation
Biology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
BNT162 Vaccine
Coronaviruses
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gene expression
Humans
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes T
Monocytes
mRNA vaccines
Prostaglandin E2
RNA, Messenger - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Transcription activation
Transcription Factor AP-1
Transcription factors
Variation
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2399-3642
2399-3642
DOI10.1038/s42003-023-04755-9

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Abstract COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. Multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples reveal that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is negatively associated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
AbstractList COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.Multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples reveal that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is negatively associated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. Multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples reveal that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is negatively associated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
Abstract COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses. However, the mechanisms underlying this inter-individual variation remain unclear. Here, using a systems biology approach based on multi-omics analyses of human blood and stool samples, we identified several factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. BNT162b2-induced T cell response is positively associated with late monocyte responses and inversely associated with baseline mRNA expression of activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Interestingly, the gut microbial fucose/rhamnose degradation pathway is positively correlated with mRNA expression of AP-1, as well as a gene encoding an enzyme producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes AP-1 expression, and inversely correlated with BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses. These results suggest that baseline AP-1 expression, which is affected by commensal microbial activity, is a negative correlate of BNT162b2-induced T-cell responses.
ArticleNumber 368
Author Tamai, Miho
Collins, Mary K.
Seto, Yu
Yukawa, Sachie
Toguchi, Sakura
Miyagi, Mio
Wolf, Matthias
Kina, Mitsuo
Taira, Naoyuki
Yoshida, Makiko
Toma, Takeshi
Sakihara, Eishin
Matthews, Melissa M.
Miyagi, Masatake
Ishikawa, Hiroki
Tamai, Osamu
Mori, Tomoari
Tomori, Hiroaki
Hirota, Masato
Tamaki, Kentaro
Kitano, Hiroaki
Yamashiro, Chiaki
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SSID ssj0001999634
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Snippet COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of vaccine-induced...
Abstract COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in most individuals, but there is wide variation in levels of...
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StartPage 368
SubjectTerms 13
13/31
38/1
38/39
38/91
631/250/2152/1566/1618
631/250/590/2293
Activator protein 1
Adaptive immunity
Antibodies, Viral
Biodegradation
Biology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
BNT162 Vaccine
Coronaviruses
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gene expression
Humans
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes T
Monocytes
mRNA vaccines
Prostaglandin E2
RNA, Messenger - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Transcription activation
Transcription Factor AP-1
Transcription factors
Variation
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Title Human immune and gut microbial parameters associated with inter-individual variations in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity
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