Amelioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection by ANO6 phospholipid scramblase inhibition

As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO...

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Published inCell reports (Cambridge) Vol. 40; no. 3; p. 111117
Main Authors Sim, Ju-Ri, Shin, Dong Hoon, Park, Pil-Gu, Park, So-Hyeon, Bae, Joon-Yong, Lee, Youngchae, Kang, Dha-Yei, Kim, Ye Jin, Aum, Sowon, Noh, Shin Hye, Hwang, Su Jin, Cha, Hye-Ran, Kim, Cheong Bi, Ko, Si Hwan, Park, Sunghoon, Jeon, Dongkyu, Cho, Sungwoo, Lee, Gee Eun, Kim, Jeonghun, Moon, Young-hye, Kim, Jae-Ouk, Nam, Jae-Sung, Kim, Chang-Hoon, Moon, Sungmin, Chung, Youn Wook, Park, Man-Seong, Ryu, Ji-Hwan, Namkung, Wan, Lee, Jae Myun, Lee, Min Goo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 19.07.2022
The Author(s)
Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Animals
ANO6/TMEM16F
Anoctamins
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Humans
Mammals - metabolism
phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserines
Phospholipid Transfer Proteins - metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
Virus Internalization
virus-cell fusion
phosphatidylserine
SARS-CoV-2
CP: Microbiology
ANO6/TMEM16F
virus-cell fusion
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2211-1247
2211-1247
DOI10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111117

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Abstract As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Display omitted] •A high-throughput screening of chemical libraries identifies several ANO6 inhibitors•SARS-CoV-2 Spike evokes ANO6-mediated phosphatidylserine scrambling in host cells•Phosphatidylserine scrambling promotes fusion of the viral and cell membranes•The identified ANO6 inhibitors inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replications Sim et al. show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated phosphatidylserine scrambling participates in the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and ANO6 inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process as well as a potential target for the development of drugs to treat COVID-19.
AbstractList As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Display omitted] •A high-throughput screening of chemical libraries identifies several ANO6 inhibitors•SARS-CoV-2 Spike evokes ANO6-mediated phosphatidylserine scrambling in host cells•Phosphatidylserine scrambling promotes fusion of the viral and cell membranes•The identified ANO6 inhibitors inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replications Sim et al. show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated phosphatidylserine scrambling participates in the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and ANO6 inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process as well as a potential target for the development of drugs to treat COVID-19.
As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca 2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sim et al. show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated phosphatidylserine scrambling participates in the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and ANO6 inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process as well as a potential target for the development of drugs to treat COVID-19.
As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
ArticleNumber 111117
Author Bae, Joon-Yong
Park, So-Hyeon
Shin, Dong Hoon
Cho, Sungwoo
Kim, Chang-Hoon
Moon, Young-hye
Lee, Jae Myun
Aum, Sowon
Jeon, Dongkyu
Kang, Dha-Yei
Park, Pil-Gu
Cha, Hye-Ran
Sim, Ju-Ri
Moon, Sungmin
Hwang, Su Jin
Chung, Youn Wook
Kim, Ye Jin
Kim, Cheong Bi
Ryu, Ji-Hwan
Lee, Gee Eun
Namkung, Wan
Lee, Youngchae
Noh, Shin Hye
Park, Man-Seong
Ko, Si Hwan
Kim, Jeonghun
Kim, Jae-Ouk
Lee, Min Goo
Park, Sunghoon
Nam, Jae-Sung
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Issue 3
Keywords phosphatidylserine
SARS-CoV-2
CP: Microbiology
ANO6/TMEM16F
virus-cell fusion
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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Snippet As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell...
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SubjectTerms Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Animals
ANO6/TMEM16F
Anoctamins
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Humans
Mammals - metabolism
phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserines
Phospholipid Transfer Proteins - metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
Virus Internalization
virus-cell fusion
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Title Amelioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection by ANO6 phospholipid scramblase inhibition
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111117
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