Tremor in the elderly: Essential and aging-related tremor
Background Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late‐manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. W...
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| Published in | Movement disorders Vol. 30; no. 10; pp. 1327 - 1334 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.09.2015
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0885-3185 1531-8257 1531-8257 |
| DOI | 10.1002/mds.26265 |
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| Abstract | Background
Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late‐manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly.
Methods
Two thousand four hundred forty‐eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty‐six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available.
Results
The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls.
Conclusions
Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it ‘aging‐related tremor’ (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society |
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| AbstractList | Background Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly. Methods Two thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available. Results The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls. Conclusions Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it 'aging-related tremor' (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Background Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly. Methods Two thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available. Results The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls. Conclusions Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it 'aging-related tremor' (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. copyright 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly.BACKGROUNDIsolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly.Two thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available.METHODSTwo thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available.The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls.RESULTSThe spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls.Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it 'aging-related tremor' (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment.CONCLUSIONSBecause incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it 'aging-related tremor' (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. Background Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late‐manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly. Methods Two thousand four hundred forty‐eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty‐six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available. Results The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls. Conclusions Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it ‘aging‐related tremor’ (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly. Two thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousan fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available. The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls. Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it ‘aging-related tremor’ (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late-manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly. Two thousand four hundred forty-eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty-six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available. The spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls. Because incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it 'aging-related tremor' (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. |
| Author | Deuschl, Günther Lorenz, Delia Petersen, Inge Christensen, Kaare |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Institute of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark 1 Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany 3 Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Institute of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark – name: 3 Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark – name: 1 Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Günther surname: Deuschl fullname: Deuschl, Günther email: g.deuschl@neurologie.uni organization: Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Inge surname: Petersen fullname: Petersen, Inge organization: Institute of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark – sequence: 3 givenname: Delia surname: Lorenz fullname: Lorenz, Delia organization: Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Kaare surname: Christensen fullname: Christensen, Kaare organization: Institute of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26095699$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | aging-related tremor mortality predictors for mortality aging Essential tremor |
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| Notes | ArticleID:MDS26265 ark:/67375/WNG-0HWZG2BX-Z istex:1233C111A2A60D39BC88A0BCD5A01C95BE8868B0 The study was supported by the German Research Council (SFB 855), the National Institute on Aging grant P01 AG08761; and The Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation (The National Programme for Research Infrastructure). Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article. Nothing to report. Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures Funding agencies ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationDate | September 2015 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2015-09-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2015 text: September 2015 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Hoboken |
| PublicationTitle | Movement disorders |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Mov Disord |
| PublicationYear | 2015 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| References | Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP, et al. Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. Brain 2007;130:3297-3307. Thier S, Lorenz D, Nothnagel M, et al. Polymorphisms in the glial glutamate transporter SLC1A2 are associated with essential tremor. Neurology 2012;79:243-248. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Mitchell AJ, Bermejo-Pareja F. Elderly-onset essential tremor and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study (NEDICES). J Alzheimers Dis 2011;23:727-735. Dogu O, Sevim S, Camdeviren H, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: door-to-door neurologic exams in Mersin Province, Turkey. Neurology 2003;61:1804-1806. Bain PG, Findley LJ, Atchison P, et al. Assessing tremor severity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:868-873. Louis ED, Thawani SP, Andrews HF. Prevalence of essential tremor in a multiethnic, community-based study in northern Manhattan, New York, N.Y. Neuroepidemiology 2009;32:208-214. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. Neurology 2006;66:69-74. Louis ED, Ferreira JJ. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord 2010;25:534-541. Christensen K, Holm NV, McGue M, Corder L, Vaupel JW. A Danish population-based twin study on general health in the elderly. J Aging Health 1999;11:49-64. Shill HA, Adler CH, Beach TG, et al. Brain biochemistry in autopsied patients with essential tremor. Mov Disord 2012;27:113-117. Elble R, Deuschl G. Milestones in tremor research. Mov Disord 2011;26:1096-1105. Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181-184. Rautakorpi I, Takala J, Marttila RJ, Sievers K, Rinne UK. Essential tremor in a Finnish population. Acta Neurol Scand 1982;66:58-67. Bergareche A, De La Puente E, Lopez De Munain A, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in bidasoa, spain. Neuroepidemiology 2001;20:125-128. Bain PG. Clinical measurement of tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(Suppl 3):77-80. Haubenberger D, Kalowitz D, Nahab F, et al. Validity and reliability of computerized tremor spirography as outcome measure for clinical trials in essential tremor. Neurology 2010;74(Suppl 2):A349. Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Vega S, Bermejo-Pareja F. Frailty in elderly persons with essential tremor: a population-based study (NEDICES). Eur J Neurol 2011;18:1251-1257. Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Vega-Quiroga S, Bermejo-Pareja F. Faster rate of cognitive decline in essential tremor cases than controls: a prospective study. Eur J Neurol 2011;17:1291-1297. Mancini ML, Stracci F, Tambasco N, Sarchielli P, Rossi A, Calabresi P. Prevalence of essential tremor in the territory of Lake Trasimeno, Italy: results of a population-based study. Mov Disord 2007;22:540-545. Lorenz D, Papengut F, Frederiksen H, et al. Evaluation of a screening instrument for essential tremor. Mov Disord 2008;23:1006-1012. Pedersen CB, Gotzsche H, Moller JO, Mortensen PB. The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull 2006;53:441-449. Babij R, Lee M, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL, Louis ED. Purkinje cell axonal anatomy: quantifying morphometric changes in essential tremor versus control brains. Brain 2013;136:3051-3061. Busenbark KL, Nash J, Nash S, Hubble JP, Koller WC. Is essential tremor benign? Neurology 1991;41:1982-1983. Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Rothwell J. Benign essential tremor is not a single entity. In: Yahr MD, ed. Current Concepts of Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1983:31-46. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Sanchez-Ferro A, Bermejo-Pareja F. Rate of cognitive decline during the premotor phase of essential tremor: a prospective study. Neurology 2013;81:60-66. McGue M, Christensen K. Social activity and healthy aging: a study of aging Danish twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2007;10:255-265. Larssen T, Sjögren T. Essential tremor: a clinical and genetic population study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1960;36:1-176. Glik A, Masarwa M, Abuful A, et al. Essential tremor might be less frequent than Parkinson's disease in North Israel Arab villages. Mov Disord 2009;24:119-122. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Elderly-onset essential tremor is associated with dementia. Neurology 2006;66:1500-1505. Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-Leon J. Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: A population-based study. Mov Disord 2007;22:1573-1580. Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Ottman R, Bermejo-Pareja F. A population-based study of mortality in essential tremor. Neurology 2007;69:1982-1989. Louis ED, Hafeman D, Parvez F, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor in Araihazar, Bangladesh: a population-based study. Neuroepidemiology 2011;36:71-76. Louis ED. Essential tremors: a family of neurodegenerative disorders? Arch Neurol 2009;66:1202-1208. Minor L. Über das erbliche Zittern. Zentralblatt der gesammten Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1925;89:586-633. Deuschl G, Bain P, Brin M, Ad-Hoc-Scientific-Committee. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(Suppl 3):2-23. Chiu YL, Rubin DT, Vermeire S, et al. Serum adalimumab concentration and clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013;19:1112-1122. Bain PG, Findley LJ, Thompson PD, et al. A study of hereditary essential tremor. Brain 1994;117:805-824. Elble RJ. Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis. Neurology 2000;54:S2-S6. Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Hellriegel H, Elble R. Treatment of patients with essential tremor. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:148-161. Hornabrook RW, Nagurney JT. Essential tremor in Papua, New Guinea. Brain 1976;99:659-672. Sur H, Ilhan S, Erdogan H, Ozturk E, Tasdemir M, Boru UT. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in Sile, Istanbul, Turkey. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15:101-104. Larsson T, Sjogren T. Essential tremor: a clinical and genetic population study. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1960;36:1-176. Haubenberger D, Kalowitz D, Nahab FB, et al. Validation of digital spiral analysis as outcome parameter for clinical trials in essential tremor. Mov Disord 2011;26:2073-2080. Jankovic J, Beach J, Schwartz K, Contant C. Tremor and longevity in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and control subjects. Neurology 1995;45:645-648. Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput ML, Robinson SL, Rajput A. Essential tremor is not dependent upon cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:626-628. Deuschl G, Elble R. Essential tremor: neurodegenerative or nondegenerative disease towards a working definition of ET. Mov Disord 2009;24:2033-2041. Elble RJ, Pullman SL, Matsumoto JY, Raethjen J, Deuschl G, Tintner R. Tremor amplitude is logarithmically related to 4- and 5-point tremor rating scales. Brain 2006;129:2660-2666. Louis ED, Marder K, Cote L, et al. Differences in the prevalence of essential tremor among elderly African Americans, whites, and Hispanics in northern Manhattan, NY. Arch Neurol 1995;52:1201-1205. Shill HA, Adler CH, Sabbagh MN, et al. Pathologic findings in prospectively ascertained essential tremor subjects. Neurology 2008;70:1452-1455. Thawani SP, Schupf N, Louis ED. Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York. Neurology 2009;73:621-625. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED. Clinical update: diagnosis and treatment of essential tremor. Lancet 2007;369:1152-1154. Benito-Leon J, Louis ED. Essential tremor: emerging views of a common disorder. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006;2:666-678; quiz 662p following 691. Benito-Leon J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Morales JM, Vega S, Molina JA. Prevalence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain. Mov Disord 2003;18:389-394. Critchley M. Observations on essential (heredofamial) tremor. Brain 1949;72(Pt. 2):113-139. Salemi G, Savettieri G, Rocca WA, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in Terrasini, Sicily. Sicilian Neuro-Epidemiologic Study Group. Neurology 1994;44:61-64. Rajput A, Robinson CA, Rajput AH. Essential tremor course and disability: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Neurology 2004;62:932-936. Lorenz D, Frederiksen H, Moises H, Kopper F, Deuschl G, Christensen K. High concordance for essential tremor in monozygotic twins of old age. Neurology 2004;62:208-211. 2004; 62 1960; 36 2011; 10 2012; 18 2003; 18 2011; 17 2008; 70 1992; 55 2011; 18 2013; 19 2010; 25 2006; 66 1991; 41 2000; 54 2007; 130 1982; 66 1999; 11 2008; 23 1983 2011; 23 2011; 26 2012; 27 2007; 22 2006; 129 2010; 74 2007; 69 2009; 15 1998; 13 2009; 66 1995; 52 2009; 24 1925; 89 1994; 117 2006; 53 2007; 369 1994; 44 2006; 2 2011; 36 2012; 79 2007; 10 1949; 72 2001; 20 1993; 56 2009; 73 2009; 32 1976; 99 1995; 45 2013; 136 2013; 81 2003; 61 e_1_2_7_9_1 Larssen T (e_1_2_7_25_1) 1960; 36 e_1_2_7_7_1 e_1_2_7_19_1 e_1_2_7_17_1 e_1_2_7_15_1 e_1_2_7_41_1 e_1_2_7_13_1 e_1_2_7_43_1 e_1_2_7_11_1 e_1_2_7_45_1 e_1_2_7_47_1 e_1_2_7_26_1 e_1_2_7_49_1 e_1_2_7_28_1 e_1_2_7_50_1 e_1_2_7_52_1 e_1_2_7_23_1 e_1_2_7_33_1 e_1_2_7_54_1 e_1_2_7_21_1 e_1_2_7_35_1 e_1_2_7_56_1 e_1_2_7_37_1 Haubenberger D (e_1_2_7_31_1) 2010; 74 e_1_2_7_39_1 Larsson T (e_1_2_7_58_1) 1960; 36 e_1_2_7_6_1 e_1_2_7_4_1 e_1_2_7_8_1 Deuschl G (e_1_2_7_3_1) 1998; 13 e_1_2_7_18_1 e_1_2_7_16_1 e_1_2_7_40_1 e_1_2_7_2_1 e_1_2_7_14_1 e_1_2_7_42_1 e_1_2_7_12_1 e_1_2_7_44_1 Elble RJ. (e_1_2_7_57_1) 2000; 54 e_1_2_7_10_1 e_1_2_7_46_1 e_1_2_7_48_1 e_1_2_7_27_1 e_1_2_7_29_1 e_1_2_7_51_1 e_1_2_7_53_1 e_1_2_7_24_1 e_1_2_7_32_1 e_1_2_7_55_1 e_1_2_7_22_1 e_1_2_7_34_1 e_1_2_7_20_1 e_1_2_7_36_1 Bain PG. (e_1_2_7_30_1) 1998; 13 Pedersen CB (e_1_2_7_38_1) 2006; 53 Marsden CD (e_1_2_7_5_1) 1983 26227858 - Mov Disord. 2015 Sep;30(10):1301-3 |
| References_xml | – reference: Benito-Leon J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Morales JM, Vega S, Molina JA. Prevalence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain. Mov Disord 2003;18:389-394. – reference: Bergareche A, De La Puente E, Lopez De Munain A, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in bidasoa, spain. Neuroepidemiology 2001;20:125-128. – reference: Chiu YL, Rubin DT, Vermeire S, et al. Serum adalimumab concentration and clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013;19:1112-1122. – reference: Busenbark KL, Nash J, Nash S, Hubble JP, Koller WC. Is essential tremor benign? Neurology 1991;41:1982-1983. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Mitchell AJ, Bermejo-Pareja F. Elderly-onset essential tremor and mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study (NEDICES). J Alzheimers Dis 2011;23:727-735. – reference: Lorenz D, Papengut F, Frederiksen H, et al. Evaluation of a screening instrument for essential tremor. Mov Disord 2008;23:1006-1012. – reference: Louis ED. Essential tremors: a family of neurodegenerative disorders? Arch Neurol 2009;66:1202-1208. – reference: Hornabrook RW, Nagurney JT. Essential tremor in Papua, New Guinea. Brain 1976;99:659-672. – reference: Larssen T, Sjögren T. Essential tremor: a clinical and genetic population study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1960;36:1-176. – reference: Glik A, Masarwa M, Abuful A, et al. Essential tremor might be less frequent than Parkinson's disease in North Israel Arab villages. Mov Disord 2009;24:119-122. – reference: Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Vega S, Bermejo-Pareja F. Frailty in elderly persons with essential tremor: a population-based study (NEDICES). Eur J Neurol 2011;18:1251-1257. – reference: Bain PG, Findley LJ, Atchison P, et al. Assessing tremor severity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:868-873. – reference: Shill HA, Adler CH, Beach TG, et al. Brain biochemistry in autopsied patients with essential tremor. Mov Disord 2012;27:113-117. – reference: Elble RJ, Pullman SL, Matsumoto JY, Raethjen J, Deuschl G, Tintner R. Tremor amplitude is logarithmically related to 4- and 5-point tremor rating scales. Brain 2006;129:2660-2666. – reference: Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Ottman R, Bermejo-Pareja F. A population-based study of mortality in essential tremor. Neurology 2007;69:1982-1989. – reference: Rautakorpi I, Takala J, Marttila RJ, Sievers K, Rinne UK. Essential tremor in a Finnish population. Acta Neurol Scand 1982;66:58-67. – reference: Babij R, Lee M, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL, Louis ED. Purkinje cell axonal anatomy: quantifying morphometric changes in essential tremor versus control brains. Brain 2013;136:3051-3061. – reference: Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-Leon J. Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: A population-based study. Mov Disord 2007;22:1573-1580. – reference: Salemi G, Savettieri G, Rocca WA, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in Terrasini, Sicily. Sicilian Neuro-Epidemiologic Study Group. Neurology 1994;44:61-64. – reference: Louis ED, Hafeman D, Parvez F, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor in Araihazar, Bangladesh: a population-based study. Neuroepidemiology 2011;36:71-76. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Sanchez-Ferro A, Bermejo-Pareja F. Rate of cognitive decline during the premotor phase of essential tremor: a prospective study. Neurology 2013;81:60-66. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED. Clinical update: diagnosis and treatment of essential tremor. Lancet 2007;369:1152-1154. – reference: Louis ED, Thawani SP, Andrews HF. Prevalence of essential tremor in a multiethnic, community-based study in northern Manhattan, New York, N.Y. Neuroepidemiology 2009;32:208-214. – reference: Elble RJ. Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis. Neurology 2000;54:S2-S6. – reference: Deuschl G, Elble R. Essential tremor: neurodegenerative or nondegenerative disease towards a working definition of ET. Mov Disord 2009;24:2033-2041. – reference: Lorenz D, Frederiksen H, Moises H, Kopper F, Deuschl G, Christensen K. High concordance for essential tremor in monozygotic twins of old age. Neurology 2004;62:208-211. – reference: Thawani SP, Schupf N, Louis ED. Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York. Neurology 2009;73:621-625. – reference: Jankovic J, Beach J, Schwartz K, Contant C. Tremor and longevity in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and control subjects. Neurology 1995;45:645-648. – reference: Thier S, Lorenz D, Nothnagel M, et al. Polymorphisms in the glial glutamate transporter SLC1A2 are associated with essential tremor. Neurology 2012;79:243-248. – reference: Bain PG. Clinical measurement of tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(Suppl 3):77-80. – reference: Rajput A, Robinson CA, Rajput AH. Essential tremor course and disability: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Neurology 2004;62:932-936. – reference: Shill HA, Adler CH, Sabbagh MN, et al. Pathologic findings in prospectively ascertained essential tremor subjects. Neurology 2008;70:1452-1455. – reference: Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181-184. – reference: McGue M, Christensen K. Social activity and healthy aging: a study of aging Danish twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2007;10:255-265. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. Neurology 2006;66:69-74. – reference: Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Rothwell J. Benign essential tremor is not a single entity. In: Yahr MD, ed. Current Concepts of Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1983:31-46. – reference: Christensen K, Holm NV, McGue M, Corder L, Vaupel JW. A Danish population-based twin study on general health in the elderly. J Aging Health 1999;11:49-64. – reference: Haubenberger D, Kalowitz D, Nahab F, et al. Validity and reliability of computerized tremor spirography as outcome measure for clinical trials in essential tremor. Neurology 2010;74(Suppl 2):A349. – reference: Bain PG, Findley LJ, Thompson PD, et al. A study of hereditary essential tremor. Brain 1994;117:805-824. – reference: Larsson T, Sjogren T. Essential tremor: a clinical and genetic population study. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1960;36:1-176. – reference: Critchley M. Observations on essential (heredofamial) tremor. Brain 1949;72(Pt. 2):113-139. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED. Essential tremor: emerging views of a common disorder. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006;2:666-678; quiz 662p following 691. – reference: Louis ED, Ferreira JJ. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord 2010;25:534-541. – reference: Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Hellriegel H, Elble R. Treatment of patients with essential tremor. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:148-161. – reference: Minor L. Über das erbliche Zittern. Zentralblatt der gesammten Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1925;89:586-633. – reference: Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel JP, et al. Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. Brain 2007;130:3297-3307. – reference: Haubenberger D, Kalowitz D, Nahab FB, et al. Validation of digital spiral analysis as outcome parameter for clinical trials in essential tremor. Mov Disord 2011;26:2073-2080. – reference: Deuschl G, Bain P, Brin M, Ad-Hoc-Scientific-Committee. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(Suppl 3):2-23. – reference: Louis ED, Benito-Leon J, Vega-Quiroga S, Bermejo-Pareja F. Faster rate of cognitive decline in essential tremor cases than controls: a prospective study. Eur J Neurol 2011;17:1291-1297. – reference: Pedersen CB, Gotzsche H, Moller JO, Mortensen PB. The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull 2006;53:441-449. – reference: Dogu O, Sevim S, Camdeviren H, et al. Prevalence of essential tremor: door-to-door neurologic exams in Mersin Province, Turkey. Neurology 2003;61:1804-1806. – reference: Louis ED, Marder K, Cote L, et al. Differences in the prevalence of essential tremor among elderly African Americans, whites, and Hispanics in northern Manhattan, NY. Arch Neurol 1995;52:1201-1205. – reference: Elble R, Deuschl G. Milestones in tremor research. Mov Disord 2011;26:1096-1105. – reference: Benito-Leon J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F. Elderly-onset essential tremor is associated with dementia. Neurology 2006;66:1500-1505. – reference: Sur H, Ilhan S, Erdogan H, Ozturk E, Tasdemir M, Boru UT. Prevalence of essential tremor: a door-to-door survey in Sile, Istanbul, Turkey. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15:101-104. – reference: Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput ML, Robinson SL, Rajput A. Essential tremor is not dependent upon cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18:626-628. – reference: Mancini ML, Stracci F, Tambasco N, Sarchielli P, Rossi A, Calabresi P. Prevalence of essential tremor in the territory of Lake Trasimeno, Italy: results of a population-based study. 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Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age,... Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas... Background Isolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over aging Aging - physiology aging-related tremor Denmark - epidemiology Diseases in Twins - epidemiology Essential tremor Essential Tremor - epidemiology Essential Tremor - mortality Essential Tremor - physiopathology Female Humans Male mortality Movement disorders predictors for mortality Severity of Illness Index Tremor - epidemiology Tremor - mortality Tremor - physiopathology |
| Title | Tremor in the elderly: Essential and aging-related tremor |
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