Ophthalmic findings in a septic calf with the concurrent exhibition of meningitis and endophthalmitis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous...
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| Published in | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 83; no. 11; pp. 1648 - 1652 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Tokyo
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
01.11.2021
Japan Science and Technology Agency The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0916-7250 1347-7439 1347-7439 |
| DOI | 10.1292/jvms.21-0208 |
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| Abstract | The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes. On ocular ultrasonography of both eyes, a V-shaped, thickened, hyperechoic structure was present in the anechoic vitreous humors, indicating retinal detachment. The animal died 4 days after the examination. Sepsis was evident in this case, as Escherichia coli was isolated from multiple organs. The autopsy and histological examination revealed meningitis, encephalitis, and secondary hydrocephalus in the CNS, and endophthalmitis and retinal detachment in both eyes. In this case, the ophthalmic findings did not provide definitive evidence for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. However, this study indicated that retinal detachment might be an ultrasonographic finding that is suggestive of bovine endophthalmitis. |
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| AbstractList | The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes. On ocular ultrasonography of both eyes, a V-shaped, thickened, hyperechoic structure was present in the anechoic vitreous humors, indicating retinal detachment. The animal died 4 days after the examination. Sepsis was evident in this case, as Escherichia coli was isolated from multiple organs. The autopsy and histological examination revealed meningitis, encephalitis, and secondary hydrocephalus in the CNS, and endophthalmitis and retinal detachment in both eyes. In this case, the ophthalmic findings did not provide definitive evidence for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. However, this study indicated that retinal detachment might be an ultrasonographic finding that is suggestive of bovine endophthalmitis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes. On ocular ultrasonography of both eyes, a V-shaped, thickened, hyperechoic structure was present in the anechoic vitreous humors, indicating retinal detachment. The animal died 4 days after the examination. Sepsis was evident in this case, as Escherichia coli was isolated from multiple organs. The autopsy and histological examination revealed meningitis, encephalitis, and secondary hydrocephalus in the CNS, and endophthalmitis and retinal detachment in both eyes. In this case, the ophthalmic findings did not provide definitive evidence for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. However, this study indicated that retinal detachment might be an ultrasonographic finding that is suggestive of bovine endophthalmitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes. On ocular ultrasonography of both eyes, a V-shaped, thickened, hyperechoic structure was present in the anechoic vitreous humors, indicating retinal detachment. The animal died 4 days after the examination. Sepsis was evident in this case, as Escherichia coli was isolated from multiple organs. The autopsy and histological examination revealed meningitis, encephalitis, and secondary hydrocephalus in the CNS, and endophthalmitis and retinal detachment in both eyes. In this case, the ophthalmic findings did not provide definitive evidence for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. However, this study indicated that retinal detachment might be an ultrasonographic finding that is suggestive of bovine endophthalmitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes. On ocular ultrasonography of both eyes, a V-shaped, thickened, hyperechoic structure was present in the anechoic vitreous humors, indicating retinal detachment. The animal died 4 days after the examination. Sepsis was evident in this case, as Escherichia coli was isolated from multiple organs. The autopsy and histological examination revealed meningitis, encephalitis, and secondary hydrocephalus in the CNS, and endophthalmitis and retinal detachment in both eyes. In this case, the ophthalmic findings did not provide definitive evidence for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. However, this study indicated that retinal detachment might be an ultrasonographic finding that is suggestive of bovine endophthalmitis. |
| ArticleNumber | 21-0208 |
| Author | MORITA, Takehito ISLAM, Md Shafiqul YOSHIMURA, Takaaki YOSHIMURA, Naoaki TSUKA, Takeshi SUNDEN, Yuji YAMATO, Osamu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: TSUKA, Takeshi organization: Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: MORITA, Takehito organization: Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: YOSHIMURA, Naoaki organization: Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-24 Shinkura-cho, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: YOSHIMURA, Takaaki organization: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5 Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: ISLAM, Md Shafiqul organization: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: YAMATO, Osamu organization: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: SUNDEN, Yuji organization: Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1542/peds.2011-3391 10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.004 10.5455/OVJ.2013.v3.i1.p11 10.21608/javs.2020.98376 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00345.x 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2162 10.1354/vp.43-6-1017 10.1016/B978-141603591-6.10085-5 10.1024/0036-7281/a000339 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.04.001 10.15761/AHDVS.1000170 10.1080/00480169.2010.65062 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2004.00236.x 10.1148/rg.234025163 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01099.x 10.1053/j.ctep.2005.03.007 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000702 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090220075026 10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.03.002 10.2460/javma.1993.203.09.1324 10.2460/javma.243.3.376 10.1002/9781119047919.ch1 |
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| References | 20. Labruyere, J. J., Hartley, C. and Holloway, A. 2011. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the differentiation of retinal detachment and vitreous membrane in dogs and cats. J. Small Anim. Pract. 52: 522–530. 6. Biolatti, C., Bellino, C., Borrelli, A., Capucchio, M., Gianella, P., Maurella, C., Miniscalco, B., Nebbia, P., Zoppi, S., Cagnasso, A. and D’Angelo, A. 2012. Sepsis and bacterial suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis in critically ill neonatal Piedmontese calves: clinical approach and laboratory findings. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 154: 239–246. 30. Zachary, J. F. 2007. Nervous system. pp. 833–972. In: Pathology Basis of Veterinary Disease (McGavin, M. D. and Zachary, J. F. eds.), Mosby, St. Louis. 17. Gladden, N., Rodríguez, V. G., Marchesi, F., Orr, J. and Murdoch, F. 2019. Multiple congenital ocular abnormalities including microphthalmia, microphakia and aphakia in a Simmental cross bull. Vet. Rec. Case Rep. 7: e000702. 23. Matton, J. S. and Nyland, T. G. 1995. Ocular ultrasonography. pp. 178–197. In: Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound (Nyland, T. G. and Matton, J. S. eds.), W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 29. Uchida, K., Kunieda, T., Abbasi, A. R., Ogawa, H., Murakami, T. and Tateyama, S. 2006. Congenital multiple ocular defects with falciform retinal folds among Japanese black cattle. Vet. Pathol. 43: 1017–1021. 12. El-Tookhy, O. and Tharwat, M. 2013. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of some ocular conditions in sheep and goats. Open Vet. J. 3: 11–16. 2. Akashi, N., Azuma, K., Tsuka, T., Kawamoto, H., Amaha, T., Yamashita, M., Osaki, T., Ito, N., Okamoto, Y., Murahata, Y. and Imagawa, T. 2019. Correlations between states of amino acids and hematology or plasma biochemistry in calves within 24 hours after birth. Anim. Husb. Dairy Vet. Sci. 3: . 26. Scotty, N. C. 2005. Ocular ultrasonography in horses. Clin. Tech. Equine Pract. 4: 106–113. 5. Basu, S., Kumar, A., Kapoor, K., Bagri, N. K. and Chandra, A. 2013. Neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis: a report of six cases. Pediatrics 131: e1292–e1297. 21. Lahham, S., Shniter, I., Thompson, M., Le, D., Chadha, T., Mailhot, T., Kang, T. L., Chiem, A., Tseeng, S. and Fox, J. C. 2019. Point-of-care ultrasonography in the diagnosis of retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and vitreous detachment in the emergency department. JAMA Netw. Open 2: e192162. 4. Ali, K. M. 2020. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of endophthalmitis in cats. J. Appl. Vet. Sci. 5: 57–70. 9. Davidson, H. J. and Pickett, J. P. 2008. Selected eye diseases of cattle. pp. 421–427. In: Current Veterinary Therapy (Anderson, D. E. and Rings, M. eds.), Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia. 24. Munday, J. S., Wolfe, A. G., Lawrence, K. E. and Pandey, S. K. 2010. Disseminated Mortierella wolfii infection in a neonatal calf. N. Z. Vet. J. 58: 62–63. 3. Aldridge, B. M., Garry, F. B. and Adams, R. 1993. Neonatal septicemia in calves: 25 cases (1985–1990). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 203: 1324–1329. 25. Potter, T. J., Hallowell, G. D. and Bowen, I. M. 2008. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the bovine eye. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound 49: 172–175. 1. Abbasi, A. R., Khalaj, M., Tsuji, T., Tanahara, M., Uchida, K., Sugimoto, Y. and Kunieda, T. 2009. A mutation of the WFDC1 gene is responsible for multiple ocular defects in cattle. Genomics 94: 55–62. 15. Gallhoefer, N. S., Bentley, E., Ruetten, M., Grest, P., Haessig, M., Kircher, P. R., Dubielzig, R. R., Spiess, B. M. and Pot, S. A. 2013. Comparison of ultrasonography and histologic examination for identification of ocular diseases of animals: 113 cases (2000–2010). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 243: 376–388. 13. Fecteau, G. and George, L. W. 2004. Bacterial meningitis and encephalitis in ruminants. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 20: 363–377, vii. 28. Tripathi, D. M., Malik, V. and Pandey, R. P. 2018. Transcorneal intraocular ultrasonographic and echo-biometric evaluation of bovine and equine eyes. Indian J. Vet. Surg. 39: 7–12. 8. Dacey, M. P., Valencia, M., Lee, M. B., Dugel, P. U., Ober, R. R., Green, R. L. and Lopez, P. F. 1994. Echographic findings in infectious endophthalmitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 112: 1325–1333. 22. Lane, J. I., Watson, R. E. Jr., Witte, R. J. and McCannel, C. A. 2003. Retinal detachment: imaging of surgical treatments and complications. Radiographics 23: 983–994. 16. Gholamreza, A. and Majid, F. 2011. Ultrasonography of vitreous chamber in Iranian Holstein cattle. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5: 1854–1856. 14. Fecteau, G., Smith, B. P. and George, L. W. 2009. Septicemia and meningitis in the newborn calf. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 25: 195–208, vii–viii. 27. Stoppini, R. and Gilger, B. C. 2017. Equine ocular examination basic techniques. pp. 1–39. In: Equine Ophthalmology (Gilger, B. C. ed.), John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken. 11. El-Tookhy, O. and Tharwat, M. 2012. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of some ocular affections in dromedary camels. J. Camel Pract. Res. 19: 183–191. 18. Gelatt, K. N. 1971. Cataracts in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 159: 195–200. 19. Gelatt, K. N. 1993. Ophthalmic diseases in cattle. Anim. Eye Res. 12: 1–14. 7. Christensen, S. R., Hansen, A. B., La Cour, M. and Fledelius, H. C. 2004. Bilateral endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a report of four cases. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 82: 306–310. 10. Di Pietro, S., Macrì, F., Piccionello, A. P., Ragusa, M., De Majo, M. and Pugliese, M. 2015. Doppler ultrasonographic estimation of ocular resistive and pulsatility index in normal unsedated cows. Large Anim. Rev. 21: 235–237. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 1. Abbasi, A. R., Khalaj, M., Tsuji, T., Tanahara, M., Uchida, K., Sugimoto, Y. and Kunieda, T. 2009. A mutation of the WFDC1 gene is responsible for multiple ocular defects in cattle. Genomics 94: 55–62. – reference: 7. Christensen, S. R., Hansen, A. B., La Cour, M. and Fledelius, H. C. 2004. Bilateral endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a report of four cases. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 82: 306–310. – reference: 20. Labruyere, J. J., Hartley, C. and Holloway, A. 2011. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the differentiation of retinal detachment and vitreous membrane in dogs and cats. J. Small Anim. Pract. 52: 522–530. – reference: 8. Dacey, M. P., Valencia, M., Lee, M. B., Dugel, P. U., Ober, R. R., Green, R. L. and Lopez, P. F. 1994. Echographic findings in infectious endophthalmitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 112: 1325–1333. – reference: 12. El-Tookhy, O. and Tharwat, M. 2013. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of some ocular conditions in sheep and goats. Open Vet. J. 3: 11–16. – reference: 14. Fecteau, G., Smith, B. P. and George, L. W. 2009. Septicemia and meningitis in the newborn calf. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 25: 195–208, vii–viii. – reference: 24. Munday, J. S., Wolfe, A. G., Lawrence, K. E. and Pandey, S. K. 2010. Disseminated Mortierella wolfii infection in a neonatal calf. N. Z. Vet. J. 58: 62–63. – reference: 28. Tripathi, D. M., Malik, V. and Pandey, R. P. 2018. Transcorneal intraocular ultrasonographic and echo-biometric evaluation of bovine and equine eyes. Indian J. Vet. Surg. 39: 7–12. – reference: 10. Di Pietro, S., Macrì, F., Piccionello, A. P., Ragusa, M., De Majo, M. and Pugliese, M. 2015. Doppler ultrasonographic estimation of ocular resistive and pulsatility index in normal unsedated cows. Large Anim. Rev. 21: 235–237. – reference: 29. Uchida, K., Kunieda, T., Abbasi, A. R., Ogawa, H., Murakami, T. and Tateyama, S. 2006. Congenital multiple ocular defects with falciform retinal folds among Japanese black cattle. Vet. Pathol. 43: 1017–1021. – reference: 2. Akashi, N., Azuma, K., Tsuka, T., Kawamoto, H., Amaha, T., Yamashita, M., Osaki, T., Ito, N., Okamoto, Y., Murahata, Y. and Imagawa, T. 2019. Correlations between states of amino acids and hematology or plasma biochemistry in calves within 24 hours after birth. Anim. Husb. Dairy Vet. Sci. 3: . – reference: 17. Gladden, N., Rodríguez, V. G., Marchesi, F., Orr, J. and Murdoch, F. 2019. Multiple congenital ocular abnormalities including microphthalmia, microphakia and aphakia in a Simmental cross bull. Vet. Rec. Case Rep. 7: e000702. – reference: 3. Aldridge, B. M., Garry, F. B. and Adams, R. 1993. Neonatal septicemia in calves: 25 cases (1985–1990). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 203: 1324–1329. – reference: 19. Gelatt, K. N. 1993. Ophthalmic diseases in cattle. Anim. Eye Res. 12: 1–14. – reference: 23. Matton, J. S. and Nyland, T. G. 1995. Ocular ultrasonography. pp. 178–197. In: Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound (Nyland, T. G. and Matton, J. S. eds.), W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. – reference: 25. Potter, T. J., Hallowell, G. D. and Bowen, I. M. 2008. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the bovine eye. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound 49: 172–175. – reference: 15. Gallhoefer, N. S., Bentley, E., Ruetten, M., Grest, P., Haessig, M., Kircher, P. R., Dubielzig, R. R., Spiess, B. M. and Pot, S. A. 2013. Comparison of ultrasonography and histologic examination for identification of ocular diseases of animals: 113 cases (2000–2010). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 243: 376–388. – reference: 27. Stoppini, R. and Gilger, B. C. 2017. Equine ocular examination basic techniques. pp. 1–39. In: Equine Ophthalmology (Gilger, B. C. ed.), John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken. – reference: 16. Gholamreza, A. and Majid, F. 2011. Ultrasonography of vitreous chamber in Iranian Holstein cattle. Adv. Environ. 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| SubjectTerms | Autopsy calf Central nervous system Encephalitis Endophthalmitis Escherichia coli Eye Horizontal cells Hydrocephalus Internal Medicine Meningitis Nystagmus Retina Retinal detachment Sepsis Strabismus Ultrasonic imaging ultrasonography |
| Title | Ophthalmic findings in a septic calf with the concurrent exhibition of meningitis and endophthalmitis |
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