New Respirator Fit Test Panels Representing the Current U.S. Civilian Work Force
The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great div...
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Published in | Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene Vol. 4; no. 9; pp. 647 - 659 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Taylor & Francis Group
01.09.2007
Taylor & Francis LLC |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1545-9624 1545-9632 |
DOI | 10.1080/15459620701497538 |
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Abstract | The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-facepiece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. |
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AbstractList | The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of US Air Force personnel. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current US. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions. Both panels are more representative of the US population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-facepiece respirators. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3,997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-face piece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed.The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3,997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-face piece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3,997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-face piece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-facepiece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of US Air Force personnel. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current US civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3997 respirator users conducted in 2003. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current US civilian workers. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed. |
Author | Zhuang, Ziqing Shaffer, Ronald E. Bradtmiller, Bruce |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ziqing surname: Zhuang fullname: Zhuang, Ziqing organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – sequence: 2 givenname: Bruce surname: Bradtmiller fullname: Bradtmiller, Bruce organization: Anthrotech – sequence: 3 givenname: Ronald E. surname: Shaffer fullname: Shaffer, Ronald E. organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17613722$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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References | CIT0021 Zhuang Z. (CIT0007) 2002; 19 CIT0020 CIT0012 CIT0023 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (CIT0003) 1973 CIT0011 CIT0022 Armstrong Laboratory (CIT0019) 1993 Harry G (CIT0002) 1986 Oestenstad R.K. (CIT0015) 1994 Zhuang Z. (CIT0009) 2004; 21 U.S. Census Bureau (CIT0010) 2002 Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (CIT0001) 1972 CIT0014 CIT0013 Dow Chemical Corporation (CIT0005) 1975 CIT0016 CIT0004 CIT0018 CIT0006 CIT0017 CIT0008 |
References_xml | – ident: CIT0017 doi: 10.1080/15428110308984877 – ident: CIT0008 doi: 10.1080/15459620500324727 – ident: CIT0014 doi: 10.1080/15298669291360283 – ident: CIT0012 doi: 10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389628 – ident: CIT0022 doi: 10.1177/001316446002000116 – volume-title: A Multivariate Anthropometric Method for Crew Station Design: Abridged (U) by G.F. Zehner, R.S. Meindl, and J.A. Hudson (Technical Report AL-TR-1992-0164) year: 1993 ident: CIT0019 – ident: CIT0020 doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.01.009 – volume-title: Quantitative Respirator Man-Testing and Anthropometric Survey by J. Leigh. Report to U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration Golden year: 1975 ident: CIT0005 – ident: CIT0021 – volume: 19 start-page: 42 year: 2002 ident: CIT0007 publication-title: J. Int. Soc. Resp. Prot. – ident: CIT0004 doi: 10.1080/0002889778507897 – ident: CIT0006 doi: 10.1080/0002889778507811 – volume-title: Census 2000 Basics year: 2002 ident: CIT0010 – volume: 21 start-page: 83 year: 2004 ident: CIT0009 publication-title: J. Int. Soc. Resp. Prot. – ident: CIT0016 doi: 10.1080/1047322X.1998.10390073 – ident: CIT0023 – volume-title: Anthropometry of Air Force Women C.E. Clauser, P. Tucker, J.T. McConville, E. Churchill, L.L. Laubach, and J. Reardon (ARMR-TR-70-5) year: 1972 ident: CIT0001 – ident: CIT0018 doi: 10.1080/15459620500391668 – volume-title: A Collation of United States Air Force Anthropometry, by K.W. Kennedy (Technical Report AAMRL-TR-85-062) year: 1986 ident: CIT0002 – ident: CIT0011 doi: 10.1080/15298668291410774 – volume-title: Selection of Respirator Test Panels Representative of U.S. Adult Facial Sizes by A.L. Hack, E.C. Hyatt, B.J. Held, T.O. Moore, C.P. Richards, and J.T. McConville (Report, LA5488) year: 1973 ident: CIT0003 – volume-title: University of Alabama at Birmingham year: 1994 ident: CIT0015 – ident: CIT0013 doi: 10.1080/15298669091369664 |
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Snippet | The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)... |
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SubjectTerms | Anthropometry Cephalometry civilian workers Civilians Equipment Design - standards Face - anatomy & histology Female fit test panels Humans Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control Male Measurement techniques Military personnel National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) Occupational Exposure - prevention & control Personal protective equipment Principal components analysis respirator sizing respirators Respiratory Protective Devices - standards Respiratory system Studies Tests United States |
Title | New Respirator Fit Test Panels Representing the Current U.S. Civilian Work Force |
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