Utility and pitfalls of the electrocardiogram in the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis
Background Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis incl...
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| Published in | Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. e12967 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.07.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1082-720X 1542-474X 1542-474X |
| DOI | 10.1111/anec.12967 |
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| Abstract | Background
Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this “classical” finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non‐invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium‐pyrophosphate imaging.
Conclusions
Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, without the classical ECG findings of cardiac amyloidosis. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of ECG findings in cardiac amyloidosis. A high degree of suspicion is often necessary, to further evaluate for possible cardiac amyloidosis. |
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| AbstractList | BackgroundCardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this “classical” finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non‐invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium‐pyrophosphate imaging.ConclusionsElectrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Background: Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging. Conclusions: Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, without the classical ECG findings of cardiac amyloidosis. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of ECG findings in cardiac amyloidosis. A high degree of suspicion is often necessary, to further evaluate for possible cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging. Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Background Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this “classical” finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non‐invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium‐pyrophosphate imaging. Conclusions Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, without the classical ECG findings of cardiac amyloidosis. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of ECG findings in cardiac amyloidosis. A high degree of suspicion is often necessary, to further evaluate for possible cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging.BACKGROUNDCardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging.Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition.CONCLUSIONSElectrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Abstract Background Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. “Classical” electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this “classical” finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non‐invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium‐pyrophosphate imaging. Conclusions Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging. Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ng, Perryn Lin Fei Yeo, Tiong Cheng Lim, Yoke Ching Loi, Hoi Yin Chai, Ping Evangelista, Lauren Kay Mance Wong, Raymond Ching Chiew Lin, Weiqin Sia, Ching Hui |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore 3 Department of Diagnostic Imaging National University Hospital Singapore Singapore 1 Department of Cardiology National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Cardiology National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore – name: 2 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore – name: 3 Department of Diagnostic Imaging National University Hospital Singapore Singapore |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Perryn Lin Fei surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Perryn Lin Fei organization: National University Heart Centre – sequence: 2 givenname: Yoke Ching surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Yoke Ching organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Lauren Kay Mance surname: Evangelista fullname: Evangelista, Lauren Kay Mance organization: National University Heart Centre – sequence: 4 givenname: Raymond Ching Chiew surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Raymond Ching Chiew organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Ping surname: Chai fullname: Chai, Ping organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Ching Hui surname: Sia fullname: Sia, Ching Hui organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Hoi Yin surname: Loi fullname: Loi, Hoi Yin organization: National University Hospital – sequence: 8 givenname: Tiong Cheng surname: Yeo fullname: Yeo, Tiong Cheng organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Weiqin orcidid: 0000-0001-8319-504X surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Weiqin email: weiqin_lin@nuhs.edu.sg organization: National University of Singapore |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35567784$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Background
Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the... Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction... Background: Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the... BackgroundCardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the... Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, without the classical ECG findings of cardiac amyloidosis. This demonstrates... Abstract Background Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis... |
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| SubjectTerms | Abnormalities Amyloid Amyloidosis Arrhythmia cardiac amyloidosis Cardiac patients Care and treatment Conduction Diagnosis Diagnostic systems Echocardiography EKG Electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Fibrosis Health services Heart light chain amyloidosis Literature reviews Low voltage Magnetic resonance imaging Medical imaging Patients Phosphates Protein folding Proteins Review Signs and symptoms Technetium transthyretin amyloidosis Ventricle Workflow |
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| Title | Utility and pitfalls of the electrocardiogram in the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis |
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