Genoepidemiology and Pathogenicity of Hepatitis G Virus in Japan
A recently discovered non-A non-B hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis G virus (HGV). Blood contamination has been proposed as its mode of transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of HGV in Japanese people at high risk. HGV was identified in serum by a reverse-transcription polymerase ch...
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| Published in | The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine Vol. 183; no. 2; pp. 101 - 112 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
Tohoku University Medical Press
1997
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0040-8727 1349-3329 |
| DOI | 10.1620/tjem.183.101 |
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| Abstract | A recently discovered non-A non-B hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis G virus (HGV). Blood contamination has been proposed as its mode of transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of HGV in Japanese people at high risk. HGV was identified in serum by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. HGV was detected in 16.0% of intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n=25), 16.2% of those with tattoos (n=37), 10.9% of IDUs with tattoos (n=55), 5.7% of chronic hepatitis (CH)-C patients (n=87), and in none of the CH-B (n=50) or CH non-B non-C (n=46) patients. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of those infected with HGV alone (n=3) were all within normal range. In the patients with CH-C, serum ALT levels of those coinfected with HGV were similar to serum ALT levels of those without HGV infection. A phylogenetic tree of isolated HGV clones showed that the HGVs of these subjects bore only a distant-resemblance to clones reported from Africa and North America, and that variation in the phylogenetic index of HGV clones was small. These results suggest that HGV clones from different areas have genetic heterogeneity and that HGV causes no or mild hepatitis. |
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| AbstractList | A recently discovered non-A non-B hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis G virus (HGV). Blood contamination has been proposed as its mode of transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of HGV in Japanese people at high risk. HGV was identified in serum by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. HGV was detected in 16.0% of intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n = 25), 16.2% of those with tattoos (n = 37), 10.9% of IDUs with tattoos (n = 55), 5.7% of chronic hepatitis (CH)-C patients (n = 87), and in none of the CH-B (n = 50) or CH non-B non-C (n = 46) patients. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of those infected with HGV alone (n = 3) were all within normal range. In the patients with CH-C, serum ALT levels of those coinfected with HGV were similar to serum ALT levels of those without HGV infection. A phylogenetic tree of isolated HGV clones showed that the HGVs of these subjects bore only a distant-resemblance to clones reported from Africa and North America, and that variation in the phylogenetic index of HGV clones was small. These results suggest that HGV clones from different areas have genetic heterogeneity and that HGV causes no or mild hepatitis.A recently discovered non-A non-B hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis G virus (HGV). Blood contamination has been proposed as its mode of transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of HGV in Japanese people at high risk. HGV was identified in serum by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. HGV was detected in 16.0% of intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n = 25), 16.2% of those with tattoos (n = 37), 10.9% of IDUs with tattoos (n = 55), 5.7% of chronic hepatitis (CH)-C patients (n = 87), and in none of the CH-B (n = 50) or CH non-B non-C (n = 46) patients. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of those infected with HGV alone (n = 3) were all within normal range. In the patients with CH-C, serum ALT levels of those coinfected with HGV were similar to serum ALT levels of those without HGV infection. A phylogenetic tree of isolated HGV clones showed that the HGVs of these subjects bore only a distant-resemblance to clones reported from Africa and North America, and that variation in the phylogenetic index of HGV clones was small. These results suggest that HGV clones from different areas have genetic heterogeneity and that HGV causes no or mild hepatitis. A recently discovered non-A non-B hepatitis virus has been designated hepatitis G virus (HGV). Blood contamination has been proposed as its mode of transmission. We studied the genoprevalence of HGV in Japanese people at high risk. HGV was identified in serum by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. HGV was detected in 16.0% of intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n=25), 16.2% of those with tattoos (n=37), 10.9% of IDUs with tattoos (n=55), 5.7% of chronic hepatitis (CH)-C patients (n=87), and in none of the CH-B (n=50) or CH non-B non-C (n=46) patients. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of those infected with HGV alone (n=3) were all within normal range. In the patients with CH-C, serum ALT levels of those coinfected with HGV were similar to serum ALT levels of those without HGV infection. A phylogenetic tree of isolated HGV clones showed that the HGVs of these subjects bore only a distant-resemblance to clones reported from Africa and North America, and that variation in the phylogenetic index of HGV clones was small. These results suggest that HGV clones from different areas have genetic heterogeneity and that HGV causes no or mild hepatitis. |
| Author | Ishii, Motoyasu Gama, Hiroko Toyota, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Tomoo Kobayashi, Koji Niitsuma, Hirofumi Kikuchi, Kumiko Suzuki, Chiaki Ueno, Yoshiyuki |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2957/kanzo.37.620 10.1056/NEJM199606063342301 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91032-8 10.1056/NEJM199707243370413 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2391 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1353 10.1136/gut.37.2.274 10.1620/tjem.173.361 10.1007/BF02989213 10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00007 10.1002/jmv.1890460417 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91802-7 10.1056/NEJM199703133361102 10.1093/infdis/174.2.410 10.1016/0270-9139(95)90560-X 10.1093/infdis/174.1.181 10.1182/blood.V88.5.1881.1881 10.1073/pnas.91.17.8239 10.1126/science.271.5248.505 10.1038/nm0695-564 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3401 10.1002/hep.1840180435 10.1084/jem.125.4.673 10.1016/S0168-8278(96)80125-5 10.1111/j.1365-2893.1996.tb00103.x 10.1128/JVI.68.8.4776-4784.1994 |
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(1996) Prevalence and disease association of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan. J. Viral Hepat., 3, 307-316. Fukushi, S., Kurihara, C., Ishiyama, N., Okamura, H., Hoshino, F.B., Oya, A. & Katayama, K. (1996) Nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis G virus isolated from Japanese patients: Comparison with reported isolates. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 226, 314-318. Linnen, J., Wages, J., Jr., Zhang-Keck, Z.Y., Fry, K.E., Krawczynski, K.Z., Alter, H., Koonin, E., Gallagher, M., Alter, M., Hadziyannis, S., Karayiannis, P., Fung, K., Nakatsuji, Y., Shih, W.K., Young, L., Piatak, M., Jr., Hoover, C., Fernandez, J., Chen, S., Zou, J.C., Morris, T., Hyams, K.C., Ismay, S., Lifson, J.D., Hess, G., Foung, S.K.H., Thomas, H., Bradley, D., Margolis, H. & Kim, J.P. (1996) Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: A transfusion-transmissible agent. Science, 271, 505-508. MacSween, R.N.M., Anthony, P.P., Scheuer, P.J., Burt, A.D. & Portmann, B.C. eds. 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Muerhoff, A.S., Simons, J.N., Leary, T.P., Erker J.C., Chalmers M.L., Pilot-Matias, T.J., Dawson, G.J., Desai S.M. & Mushahwar, I.K. (1996) Sequence heterogeneity within the 5'terminal region of the hepatitis GB virus C genome and evidence for genotypes. J. Hepatol., 25, 379-384. Kao, J.H., Chen, P.J., Hsiang, S.C., Chen, W. & Chen, D.S. (1996) Phylogenetic analysis of GB virus C: Comparison of isolates from Africa, North America, and Taiwan. J. Infect. Dis., 174, 410-413. Bukh, J., Purcell, R.H. & Miller, R.H. (1994) Sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis C virus genotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 8239-8243. Simons, J.N., Pilot-Matias, T.J., Leary, T.P., Dawson, G.J., Desai, S.M., Schlauder, G.G., Muerhoff, A.S., Erker, J.C., Buijk, S.L., Chalmers, M.L., Van Sant, C.L. & Mushahwar, I.K. (1995b) Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 3401-3405. Masuko, K., Mitsui, T., Iwano, K., Yamazaki, C., Okuda, K., Meguro, T., Murayama, N., Inoue, T., Tsuda, F., Okamoto, H., Miyakawa, Y. & Mayumi, M. (1996) Infection with hepatitis GB virus C in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. N. Engl. J. Med., 334, 1485-1490. Wang, J.T., Tsai, F.C., Lee, C.Z., Chen, P.J., Sheu, J.C., Wang, T.H. & Chen, D.S. (1996) A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted GB virus C infection: Similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with hepatitis C virus. Blood, 88, 1881-1886. Simmonds, P., Holmes, E.C., Cha, T.A., Chan, S.W., McOmish, F., Irvine, B., Beall, E., Yap, P.L., Kolberg, J. & Urdea, M.S. (1993) Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. J. Gen. Virol., 74, 2391-2399. Simons, J.N., Leary, T.P., Dawson, G.J., Pilot-Matias, T.J., Muerhoff, A.S., Schlauder, G.G., Desai, S.M. & Mushahwar, I.K. (1995a) Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis. Nature Med., 1, 564-569. Yoshiba, M., Okamoto, H. & Mishiro, S. (1995) Detection of the GBV-C hepatitis virus genome in serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Lancet, 346, 1131-1132. Deinhardt, F., Holmes, A.W., Capps, R.B. & Popper, H. (1967) Studies on the transmission of human viral hepatitis to marmoset monkeys. I: Transmission of disease, serial passages, and description of liver lesions. J. Exp. Med., 125, 673-687. Fiordalisi, G., Zanella, I., Mantero, G., Bettinardi, A., Stellini, R., Paraninfo, G., Cadeo, G. & Primi, D. (1996) High prevalence of GB virus C infection in a group of Italian patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology. J. Infect. Dis., 174, 181-183. 22 24 Wang, J.T., Tsai, F.C., Lee, C.Z., Chen, P.J., Sheu, J.C., Wang, T.H. & Chen, D.S. (28) 1996; 88 Kao, J.H., Chen, P.J., Hsiang, S.C., Chen, W. & Chen, D.S. (8) 1996; 174 Nakatsuji, Y., Shih, J.W., Tanaka, E., Kiyosawa, K., Wages, J., Jr., Kim, J.P. & Alter, H.J. (15) 1996; 3 TAKANO S (26) 1993; 28 29 Healey, C.J., Chapman, R.W. & Fleming, K.A. (6) 1995; 37 Niitsuma, H., Ishii, M., Kobayashi, T., Suzuki, C., Kobayashi, K. & Toyota, T. (18) 1996; 37 Schlauder, G.G., Pilot-Matias, T.J., Gabriel, G.S., Simons, J.N., Muerhoff, A.S., Dawson, G.J. & Mushahwar, I.K. (20) 1995; 346 Deinhardt, F., Holmes, A.W., Capps, R.B. & Popper, H. (3) 1967; 125 Zuckerman, A.J. (30) 1995; 345 (2) 1994; 91 (25) 1995; 92 Tanaka, E., Alter, H.J., Nakatsuji, Y., Shih, J.W., Kim, J.P., Matsumoto, A., Kobayashi, M. & Kiyosawa, K. (27) 1996; 125 12 13 14 (17) 1995; 46 (9) 1994; 68 16 Johnson, P.J. & McFarlane, I.G. (7) 1993; 18 Kudo, T. Morishima, T. & Shibata, M. (10) 1997; 337 Fiordalisi, G., Zanella, I., Mantero, G., Bettinardi, A., Stellini, R., Paraninfo, G., Cadeo, G. & Primi, D. (4) 1996; 174 SAITOH Y (19) 1994; 173 1 (23) 1993; 74 5 (11) 1996; 271 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: Masuko, K., Mitsui, T., Iwano, K., Yamazaki, C., Okuda, K., Meguro, T., Murayama, N., Inoue, T., Tsuda, F., Okamoto, H., Miyakawa, Y. & Mayumi, M. (1996) Infection with hepatitis GB virus C in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. N. Engl. J. Med., 334, 1485-1490. – reference: Nakatsuji, Y., Shih, J.W., Tanaka, E., Kiyosawa, K., Wages, J., Jr., Kim, J.P. & Alter, H.J. (1996) Prevalence and disease association of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan. J. Viral Hepat., 3, 307-316. – reference: Deinhardt, F., Holmes, A.W., Capps, R.B. & Popper, H. (1967) Studies on the transmission of human viral hepatitis to marmoset monkeys. I: Transmission of disease, serial passages, and description of liver lesions. J. Exp. Med., 125, 673-687. – reference: Alter, H.J., Nakatsuji, Y., Melpolder, J., Wages, J., Wesley, R., Shih, J.W. & Kim, J.P. (1997) The incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis G virus infection and its relation to liver disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 336, 747-754. – reference: Tanaka, E., Alter, H.J., Nakatsuji, Y., Shih, J.W., Kim, J.P., Matsumoto, A., Kobayashi, M. & Kiyosawa, K. (1996) Effect of hepatitis G virus infection on chronic hepatitis C. Ann. Intern. Med., 125, 740-743. – reference: Bukh, J., Purcell, R.H. & Miller, R.H. (1994) Sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis C virus genotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 8239-8243. – reference: Wang, J.T., Tsai, F.C., Lee, C.Z., Chen, P.J., Sheu, J.C., Wang, T.H. & Chen, D.S. (1996) A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted GB virus C infection: Similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with hepatitis C virus. Blood, 88, 1881-1886. – reference: Saitoh, Y., Miura, M., Niitsuma, H., Numata, N., Ohori, H., Ishii, M. & Toyota, T. (1994) Changes of serum hepatitis C virus levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with two courses of interferon administration. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 173, 361-369. – reference: Muerhoff, A.S., Simons, J.N., Leary, T.P., Erker J.C., Chalmers M.L., Pilot-Matias, T.J., Dawson, G.J., Desai S.M. & Mushahwar, I.K. (1996) Sequence heterogeneity within the 5'terminal region of the hepatitis GB virus C genome and evidence for genotypes. J. Hepatol., 25, 379-384. – reference: Yoshiba, M., Okamoto, H. & Mishiro, S. (1995) Detection of the GBV-C hepatitis virus genome in serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Lancet, 346, 1131-1132. – reference: Kudo, T. Morishima, T. & Shibata, M. (1997) Hepatitis G infection [letter]. N. Engl. J. Med., 337, 276-277. – reference: Shindo, M., Arai, K., Sokawa, Y. & Okuno, T. (1995) The virological and histological states of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive subjects with normal liver biochemical values. Hepatology, 22, 418-425. – reference: Johnson, P.J. & McFarlane, I.G. (1993) Meeting report: International autoimmune hepatitis group. 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| Title | Genoepidemiology and Pathogenicity of Hepatitis G Virus in Japan |
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