Investigating brain–gut microbiota dynamics and inflammatory processes in an autistic-like rat model using MRI biomarkers during childhood and adolescence

•Reduced microbiota diversity emphasized the early interventions targeting gut dysbiosis in ASD.•Dysregulation in SCFA metabolism potentially impacts ASD-related behaviors.•Elevated astrocytic, microglial activation, and proinflammatory cytokines in ASD.•The potential of DTI metrics as imaging-based...

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Published inNeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 302; p. 120899
Main Authors Palanivelu, Lalitha, Chen, You-Yin, Chang, Chih-Ju, Liang, Yao-Wen, Tseng, Hsin-Yi, Li, Ssu-Ju, Chang, Ching-Wen, Lo, Yu-Chun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 15.11.2024
Elsevier Limited
Elsevier
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1053-8119
1095-9572
1095-9572
DOI10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120899

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Abstract •Reduced microbiota diversity emphasized the early interventions targeting gut dysbiosis in ASD.•Dysregulation in SCFA metabolism potentially impacts ASD-related behaviors.•Elevated astrocytic, microglial activation, and proinflammatory cytokines in ASD.•The potential of DTI metrics as imaging-based biomarkers for ASD. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines—interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)—were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions.
AbstractList •Reduced microbiota diversity emphasized the early interventions targeting gut dysbiosis in ASD.•Dysregulation in SCFA metabolism potentially impacts ASD-related behaviors.•Elevated astrocytic, microglial activation, and proinflammatory cytokines in ASD.•The potential of DTI metrics as imaging-based biomarkers for ASD. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines—interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)—were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may contribute to ASD-like behaviors. However, the exact developmental time point at which gut microbiota alterations affect brain function and behavior in patients with ASD remains unclear. We hypothesized that ASD-related brain microstructural changes and gut dysbiosis induce metabolic dysregulation and proinflammatory responses, which collectively contribute to the social behavioral deficits observed in early childhood. We used an autistic-like rat model that was generated via prenatal valproic acid exposure. We analyzed brain microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and examined microbiota, blood, and fecal samples for inflammation biomarkers. The ASD model rats exhibited significant brain microstructural changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus; reduced microbiota diversity (Prevotellaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae); and altered metabolic signatures. The shift in microbiota diversity and density observed at postnatal day (PND) 35, which is a critical developmental period, underscored the importance of early ASD interventions. We identified a unique metabolic signature in the ASD model, with elevated formate and reduced acetate and butyrate levels, indicating a dysregulation in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Furthermore, increased astrocytic and microglial activation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-were observed, indicating immune dysregulation. This study provided insights into the complex interplay between the brain and the gut, and indicated DTI metrics as potential imaging-based biomarkers in ASD, thus emphasizing the need for early childhood interventions.
ArticleNumber 120899
Author Tseng, Hsin-Yi
Li, Ssu-Ju
Chang, Ching-Wen
Palanivelu, Lalitha
Liang, Yao-Wen
Lo, Yu-Chun
Chang, Chih-Ju
Chen, You-Yin
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  fullname: Tseng, Hsin-Yi
  organization: Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, 12F., Education and Research Building, Shuang-Ho Campus, No. 301, Yuantong Rd., New Taipei City 23564, Taiwan
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39461606$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_nu17020247
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2025_1535455
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Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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1095-9572
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:29:38 EDT 2025
Sun Sep 28 06:50:04 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 13 04:17:33 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:02:56 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:02:30 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:57:57 EDT 2025
Sat Feb 08 15:51:06 EST 2025
Tue Aug 26 17:21:55 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Adolescence
VPA
PND
Neuroinflammation
IL-1β
SCFA
Autism spectrum disorder
IL-6
Diffusion tensor imaging
Microbiome dysbiosis
ASD
IFN-γ
TNF-α
Childhood
DTI
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Snippet •Reduced microbiota diversity emphasized the early interventions targeting gut dysbiosis in ASD.•Dysregulation in SCFA metabolism potentially impacts...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has linked that gut dysbiosis may...
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StartPage 120899
SubjectTerms Acetic acid
Adolescence
Animals
Anisotropy
Autism
Autism spectrum disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder - diagnostic imaging
Autism Spectrum Disorder - immunology
Autism Spectrum Disorder - metabolism
Autism Spectrum Disorder - microbiology
Behavior
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - metabolism
Brain research
Brain-Gut Axis - physiology
Childhood
Children
Chromatography
Cortex (cingulate)
Cytokines
Developmental stages
Diffusion tensor imaging
Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods
Disease Models, Animal
Dysbacteriosis
Fatty acids
Feces
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gut microbiota
Immune system
Inflammation
Inflammation - diagnostic imaging
Inflammation - metabolism
Interleukin 1
Interleukin 6
Intestinal microflora
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Male
Mass spectrometry
Metabolites
Microbiome dysbiosis
Microbiota
Neostriatum
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neuroimaging
Neuroinflammation
Pregnancy
Prenatal experience
Prenatal exposure
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Scientific imaging
Social behavior
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Valproic acid
Valproic Acid - pharmacology
γ-Interferon
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Title Investigating brain–gut microbiota dynamics and inflammatory processes in an autistic-like rat model using MRI biomarkers during childhood and adolescence
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