Symptom Provocation in Specific Phobia Affects the Substance P Neurokinin-1 Receptor System
Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by...
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| Published in | Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 61; no. 8; pp. 1002 - 1006 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, NY
Elsevier Inc
15.04.2007
Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0006-3223 1873-2402 1873-2402 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.003 |
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| Abstract | Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia.
Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV–defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [
11C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer.
The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding.
Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BackgroundAnimal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia. MethodsSixteen adult women with DSM-IV–defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [ 11C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer. ResultsThe uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding. ConclusionsFear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia.BACKGROUNDAnimal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia.Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV-defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [(11)C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer.METHODSSixteen adult women with DSM-IV-defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [(11)C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer.The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding.RESULTSThe uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding.Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P.CONCLUSIONSFear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia. Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV-defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [(11)C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer. The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding. Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. Background Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia. Methods Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV-defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [ super(11)C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer. Results The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding. Conclusions Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia. Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV–defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [ 11C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer. The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding. Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. Background: Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. This positron emission tomography (PET) study evaluated how the activity in the SP-NK1 receptor system in the amygdala was affected by fear provocation in subjects with specific phobia. Methods: Sixteen adult women with DSM-IV-defined specific phobia for either snakes or spiders but not both viewed pictures of feared and non-feared animals while being PET-scanned for 60 min with the highly specific NK1 receptor antagonist [ 11 C]GR205171 as the labeled PET tracer. Results: The uptake of the labeled NK1 receptor antagonist was significantly reduced in the right amygdala during phobic stimulation. In the left amygdala no significant differences were found between phobic and non-phobic conditions. There was a negative correlation in the right, but not left, amygdala between subjective anxiety ratings and NK1 tracer binding. Conclusions: Fear provocation affects the SP-NK1 receptor system in the right amygdala. This reflects reduced NK1 receptor availability during fear and could mirror an increased release of endogenous substance P. |
| Author | Appel, Lieuwe Bergström, Mats Långström, Bengt Michelgård, Åsa Frans, Örjan Fredrikson, Mats Pissiota, Anna |
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| Keywords | NK1-receptor Anxiety brain substance P specific phobia PET Radionuclide study Affect affectivity NK1 Tachykinin receptor Substance P Central nervous system Anxiety disorder Neuropeptide Encephalon Symptomatology Phobia Tachykinin Positron emission tomography Emission tomography NK1 -receptor |
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| Snippet | Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1 (NK1)... BackgroundAnimal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1... Background Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin 1... Background: Animal studies demonstrate that stress and negative affect enhance the release of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which binds to the neurokinin... |
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| StartPage | 1002 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Amygdala - diagnostic imaging Animals Antiemetics - pharmacokinetics Anxiety Anxiety disorders. Neuroses Araneae Biological and medical sciences brain Female Functional Laterality Humans Medical sciences MEDICIN MEDICINE Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists NK1-receptor PET Phobia Phobic Disorders - metabolism Phobic Disorders - pathology Phobic Disorders - psychology Piperidines - pharmacokinetics Positron-Emission Tomography Psychiatric/Mental Health Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Receptors, Neurokinin-1 - metabolism specific phobia substance P Tetrazoles - pharmacokinetics |
| Title | Symptom Provocation in Specific Phobia Affects the Substance P Neurokinin-1 Receptor System |
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