Observed and Normative Discount Functions in Addiction and other Diseases
The aim of this paper is to find a suitable discount function able to describe the progression of a certain addiction or disease under treatment as a discounting process. In effect, a certain indicator related to a disease decays over time in a manner which is mathematically similar to the way in wh...
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| Published in | Frontiers in pharmacology Vol. 8; p. 416 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A
29.06.2017
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| ISSN | 1663-9812 1663-9812 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphar.2017.00416 |
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| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to find a suitable discount function able to describe the progression of a certain addiction or disease under treatment as a discounting process. In effect, a certain indicator related to a disease decays over time in a manner which is mathematically similar to the way in which discounting has been modeled. We analyze the discount functions observed in experiments which study addictive and other problematic behaviors as well as some alternative hyperbola-like discount functions in order to fit the patience exhibited by the subject after receiving the treatment. Additionally, it has been experimentally found that people with addiction display high rates of discount (impatience) and preference reversals (dynamic inconsistency). This excessive discounting must be correctly modeled by a suitable discount function, otherwise, it can become a trans-disease process underlying addiction and other disorders. The (generalized) exponentiated hyperbolic discount function is proposed to describe the progression of a disease with respect to the treatment, since it maintains the property of inconsistency by exhibiting a decreasing discount rate after an initial period in which the opposite occurs. |
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| AbstractList | The aim of this paper is to find a suitable discount function able to describe the progression of a certain addiction or disease under treatment as a discounting process. In effect, a certain indicator related to a disease decays over time in a manner which is mathematically similar to the way in which discounting has been modeled. We analyze the discount functions observed in experiments which study addictive and other problematic behaviors as well as some alternative hyperbola-like discount functions in order to fit the patience exhibited by the subject after receiving the treatment. Additionally, it has been experimentally found that people with addiction display high rates of discount (impatience) and preference reversals (dynamic inconsistency). This excessive discounting must be correctly modeled by a suitable discount function, otherwise, it can become a trans-disease process underlying addiction and other disorders. The (generalized) exponentiated hyperbolic discount function is proposed to describe the progression of a disease with respect to the treatment, since it maintains the property of inconsistency by exhibiting a decreasing discount rate after an initial period in which the opposite occurs. The aim of this paper is to find a suitable discount function able to describe the progression of a certain addiction or disease under treatment as a discounting process. In effect, a certain indicator related to a disease decays over time in a manner which is mathematically similar to the way in which discounting has been modeled. We analyze the discount functions observed in experiments which study addictive and other problematic behaviors as well as some alternative hyperbola-like discount functions in order to fit the patience exhibited by the subject after receiving the treatment. Additionally, it has been experimentally found that people with addiction display high rates of discount (impatience) and preference reversals (dynamic inconsistency). This excessive discounting must be correctly modeled by a suitable discount function, otherwise, it can become a trans-disease process underlying addiction and other disorders. The (generalized) exponentiated hyperbolic discount function is proposed to describe the progression of a disease with respect to the treatment, since it maintains the property of inconsistency by exhibiting a decreasing discount rate after an initial period in which the opposite occurs.The aim of this paper is to find a suitable discount function able to describe the progression of a certain addiction or disease under treatment as a discounting process. In effect, a certain indicator related to a disease decays over time in a manner which is mathematically similar to the way in which discounting has been modeled. We analyze the discount functions observed in experiments which study addictive and other problematic behaviors as well as some alternative hyperbola-like discount functions in order to fit the patience exhibited by the subject after receiving the treatment. Additionally, it has been experimentally found that people with addiction display high rates of discount (impatience) and preference reversals (dynamic inconsistency). This excessive discounting must be correctly modeled by a suitable discount function, otherwise, it can become a trans-disease process underlying addiction and other disorders. The (generalized) exponentiated hyperbolic discount function is proposed to describe the progression of a disease with respect to the treatment, since it maintains the property of inconsistency by exhibiting a decreasing discount rate after an initial period in which the opposite occurs. |
| Author | Muñoz Torrecillas, María J. Cruz Rambaud, Salvador Takahashi, Taiki |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Letters, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan 1 Department of Economics and Business, University of Almería Almería, Spain |
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| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Salvador surname: Cruz Rambaud fullname: Cruz Rambaud, Salvador – sequence: 2 givenname: María J. surname: Muñoz Torrecillas fullname: Muñoz Torrecillas, María J. – sequence: 3 givenname: Taiki surname: Takahashi fullname: Takahashi, Taiki |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28706486$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00076 10.1002/int.21842 10.1007/BF02458428 10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00010-1 10.1901/jeab.2006.85-05 10.1016/j.physa.2005.08.056 10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0 10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.18 10.1016/j.physa.2007.07.020 10.1016/j.physa.2007.03.038 10.1093/qje/qjv020 10.1177/000992289002901105 10.1371/journal.pone.0149256 10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.256 10.1016/j.geb.2010.05.005 10.1086/261558 10.1016/j.amc.2014.05.095 10.1007/s00213-002-1115-1 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03166.x 10.1137/1.9781611971194 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.05.056 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.04.003 10.1177/0272989X0002000302 10.1111/j.0347-0520.2004.00375.x 10.1257/aer.102.7.3333 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.02.004 10.1257/0002828043052222 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01699.x 10.1002/int.21715 10.1289/ehp.814223 10.1007/PL00005490 10.1016/j.physa.2013.03.009 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961736.x 10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.769 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2017 Cruz Rambaud, Muñoz Torrecillas and Takahashi. 2017 Cruz Rambaud, Muñoz Torrecillas and Takahashi |
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| Keywords | hazard rate (generalized) exponentiated hyperbolic discounting disease hyperbolic discounting delay discounting addiction |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Title | Observed and Normative Discount Functions in Addiction and other Diseases |
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