Disparity Between Tonic and Phasic Ethanol-Induced Dopamine Increases in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats
Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored. Methods: We measure...
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| Published in | Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research Vol. 33; no. 7; pp. 1187 - 1196 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.07.2009
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0145-6008 1530-0277 1530-0277 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00942.x |
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| Abstract | Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored.
Methods: We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within‐subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.).
Results: Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between‐site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. |
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| AbstractList | Background:
Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored.
Methods:
We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within‐subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.).
Results:
Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between‐site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site.
Conclusions:
These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored.BACKGROUNDDopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored.We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within-subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.).METHODSWe measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within-subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.).Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between-site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site.RESULTSMicrodialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between-site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site.These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens.CONCLUSIONSThese data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored.Methods: We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within-subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g-kg, i.v.).Results: Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g-kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between-site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored. Methods: We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within‐subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.). Results: Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between‐site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases tonic concentrations of dopamine, but its effect on subsecond dopamine transients has not been fully explored. We measured tonic and phasic dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens of rats in response to ethanol (within-subject cumulative dosing, 0.125 to 2 g/kg, i.v.). Microdialysis samples yielded significant tonic increases in dopamine concentrations at 1 to 2 g/kg ethanol in each rat, while repeated saline infusions had no effect. When monitored with fast scan cyclic voltammetry, ethanol increased the frequency of dopamine transients in 6 of 16 recording sites, in contrast to the uniform effect of ethanol as measured with microdialysis. In the remaining 10 recording sites that were unresponsive to ethanol, dopamine transients either decreased in frequency or were unaffected by cumulative ethanol infusions, patterns also observed during repeated saline infusions. The responsiveness of particular recording sites to ethanol was not correlated with either core versus shell placement of the electrodes or the basal rate of dopamine transients. Importantly, the phasic response pattern to a single dose of ethanol at a particular site was qualitatively reproduced when a second dose of ethanol was administered, suggesting that the variable between-site effects reflected specific pharmacology at that recording site. These data demonstrate that the relatively uniform dopamine concentrations obtained with microdialysis can mask a dramatic heterogeneity of phasic dopamine release within the accumbens. |
| Author | Robinson, Donita L. Gonzales, Rueben A. Wightman, R. Mark McConnell, Scott Howard, Elaina C. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 3 Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA 1 Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 2 Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 3 Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Donita L. surname: Robinson fullname: Robinson, Donita L. organization: From the Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (DLR, SM), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina (RMW), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas (ECH, RAG), Austin, Texas – sequence: 2 givenname: Elaina C. surname: Howard fullname: Howard, Elaina C. organization: From the Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (DLR, SM), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina (RMW), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas (ECH, RAG), Austin, Texas – sequence: 3 givenname: Scott surname: McConnell fullname: McConnell, Scott organization: From the Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (DLR, SM), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina (RMW), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas (ECH, RAG), Austin, Texas – sequence: 4 givenname: Rueben A. surname: Gonzales fullname: Gonzales, Rueben A. organization: From the Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (DLR, SM), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina (RMW), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas (ECH, RAG), Austin, Texas – sequence: 5 givenname: R. Mark surname: Wightman fullname: Wightman, R. Mark organization: From the Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina (DLR, SM), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina (RMW), Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas (ECH, RAG), Austin, Texas |
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| Keywords | Dopamine Ethanol Rat Rodentia Central nervous system Voltammetry Basal ganglion Increase Catecholamine Encephalon Phasic Nucleus accumbens Alcoholic beverage Vertebrata Mammalia Microdialysis Cyclic Animal Neurotransmitter Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Disparity |
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| PMID | 19389195 |
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| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | July 2009 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2009-07-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2009 text: July 2009 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: Hoboken, NJ – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Alcohol Clin Exp Res |
| PublicationYear | 2009 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley |
| References | Mereu G, Fadda F, Gessa GL (1984) Ethanol stimulates the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 292:63-69. Hyland BI, Reynolds JN, Hay J, Perk CG, Miller R (2002) Firing modes of midbrain dopamine cells in the freely moving rat. Neuroscience 114:475-492. Mirenowicz J, Schultz W (1996) Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli. Nature 379:449-451. Stuber GD, Roitman MF, Phillips PE, Carelli RM, Wightman RM (2005) Rapid dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens during contingent and noncontingent cocaine administration. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:853-863. Brodie MS, Shefner SA, Dunwiddie TV (1990) Ethanol increases the firing rate of dopamine neurons of the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro. Brain Res 508:65-69. Gessa GL, Muntoni F, Collu M, Vargiu L, Mereu G (1985) Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res 348:201-203. Kiyatkin EA, Rebec GV (1998) Heterogeneity of ventral tegmental area neurons: single-unit recording and iontophoresis in awake, unrestrained rats. Neuroscience 85:1285-1309. Schultz W (2007) Behavioral dopamine signals. Trends Neurosci 30:203-210. Mirenowicz J, Schultz W (1994) Importance of unpredictability for reward responses in primate dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol 72:1024-1027. Howard EC, Schier CJ, Wetzel JS, Duvauchelle CL, Gonzales RA (2008) The shell of the nucleus accumbens has a higher dopamine response compared with the core after non-contingent intravenous ethanol administration. Neuroscience 154:1042-1053. Mocsary Z, Bradberry CW (1996) Effect of ethanol on extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens: comparison between Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains. Brain Res 706:194-198. Pennartz CM, Groenewegen HJ, Lopes da Silva FH (1994) The nucleus accumbens as a complex of functionally distinct neuronal ensembles: an integration of behavioural, electrophysiological and anatomical data. Prog Neurobiol 42:719-761. Di Chiara G, Imperato A (1986) Preferential stimulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by opiates, alcohol, and barbiturates: studies with transcerebral dialysis in freely moving rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 473:367-381. Margolis EB, Lock H, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL (2006) The ventral tegmental area revisited: is there an electrophysiological marker for dopaminergic neurons? J Physiol 577:907-924. Mathews TA, John CE, Lapa GB, Budygin EA, Jones SR (2006) No role of the dopamine transporter in acute ethanol effects on striatal dopamine dynamics. Synapse 60:288-294. Robinson DL, Volz TJ, Schenk JO, Wightman RM (2005) Acute ethanol decreases dopamine transporter velocity in rat striatum: in vivo and in vitro electrochemical measurements. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:746-755. Yan QS (1999) Extracellular dopamine and serotonin after ethanol monitored with 5-minute microdialysis. Alcohol 19:1-7. Wightman RM, Robinson DL (2002) Transient changes in mesolimbic dopamine and their association with 'reward'. J Neurochem 82:721-735. Kiianmaa K, Nurmi M, Nykanen I, Sinclair JD (1995) Effect of ethanol on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:29-34. Roitman MF, Stuber GD, Phillips PE, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2004) Dopamine operates as a subsecond modulator of food seeking. J Neurosci 24:1265-1271. Church WH, Justice JB Jr, Byrd LD (1987) Extracellular dopamine in rat striatum following uptake inhibition by cocaine, nomifensine and benztropine. Eur J Pharmacol 139:345-348. Venton BJ, Seipel AT, Phillips PE, Wetsel WC, Gitler D, Greengard P, Augustine GJ, Wightman RM (2006) Cocaine increases dopamine release by mobilization of a synapsin-dependent reserve pool. J Neurosci 26:3206-3209. Wightman RM, Heien ML, Wassum KM, Sombers LA, Aragona BJ, Khan AS, Ariansen JL, Cheer JF, Phillips PE, Carelli RM (2007) Dopamine release is heterogeneous within microenvironments of the rat nucleus accumbens. Eur J Neurosci 26:2046-2054. Ikemoto S (2007) Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex. Brain Res Rev 56:27-78. Margolis EB, Mitchell JM, Ishikawa J, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL (2008) Midbrain dopamine neurons: projection target determines action potential duration and dopamine D(2) receptor inhibition. J Neurosci 28:8908-8913. Samson HH, Hodge CW, Erickson HL, Niehus JS, Gerhardt GA, Kalivas PW, Floyd EA (1997) The effects of local application of ethanol in the n. accumbens on dopamine overflow and clearance. Alcohol 14:485-492. Phillips PE, Stuber GD, Heien ML, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2003) Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking. Nature 422:614-618. Yang H, Peters JL, Michael AC (1998) Coupled effects of mass transfer and uptake kinetics on in vivo microdialysis of dopamine. J Neurochem 71:684-692. Rice ME, Cragg SJ (2004) Nicotine amplifies reward-related dopamine signals in striatum. Nat. Neurosci 7:583-584. Rebec GV, Christensen JR, Guerra C, Bardo MT (1997) Regional and temporal differences in real-time dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens during free-choice novelty. Brain Res 776:61-67. Okamoto T, Harnett MT, Morikawa H (2006) Hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) is an ethanol target in midbrain dopamine neurons of mice. J Neurophysiol 95:619-626. Robinson DL, Heien ML, Wightman RM (2002b) Frequency of dopamine concentration transients increases in dorsal and ventral striatum of male rats during introduction of conspecifics. J Neurosci 22:10477-10486. Robinson DL, Brunner LJ, Gonzales RA (2002a) Effect of gender and estrous cycle on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the rat brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26:165-172. Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM (2007) Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology 191:461-482. Robinson DL, Wightman RM (2004) Nomifensine amplifies subsecond dopamine signals in the ventral striatum of freely-moving rats. J Neurochem 90:894-903. Logman MJ, Budygin EA, Gainetdinov RR, Wightman RM (2000) Quantitation of in vivo measurements with carbon fiber microelectrodes. J Neurosci Methods 95:95-102. Robinson DL, Venton BJ, Heien ML, Wightman RM (2003) Detecting subsecond dopamine release with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in vivo. Clin Chem 49:1763-1773. Day JJ, Roitman MF, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2007) Associative learning mediates dynamic shifts in dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens. Nat Neurosci 10:1020-1028. Imperato A, Di Chiara G (1986) Preferential stimulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats by ethanol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 239:219-228. Heien ML, Phillips PE, Stuber GD, Seipel AT, Wightman RM (2003) Overoxidation of carbon-fiber microelectrodes enhances dopamine adsorption and increases sensitivity. Analyst 128:1413-1419. Avshalumov MV, Chen BT, Marshall SP, Pena DM, Rice ME (2003) Glutamate-dependent inhibition of dopamine release in striatum is mediated by a new diffusible messenger, H2O2. J Neurosci 23:2744-2750. Doyon WM, York JL, Diaz LM, Samson HH, Czachowski CL, Gonzales RA (2003) Dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens during consummatory phases of oral ethanol self-administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:1573-1582. Aragona BJ, Cleaveland NA, Stuber GD, Day JJ, Carelli RM, Wightman RM (2008) Preferential enhancement of dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens shell by cocaine is attributable to a direct increase in phasic dopamine release events. J Neurosci 28:8821-8831. Robinson DL, Carelli RM (2008) Distinct subsets of nucleus accumbens neurons encode operant responding for ethanol versus water. Eur J Neurosci 28:1887-1894. Jones SR, Mathews TA, Budygin EA (2006) Effect of moderate ethanol dose on dopamine uptake in rat nucleus accumbens in vivo. Synapse 60:251-255. Haber SN, Fudge JL, McFarland NR (2000) Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum. J Neurosci 20:2369-2382. Ford CP, Mark GP, Williams JT (2006) Properties and opioid inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine neurons vary according to target location. J Neurosci 26:2788-2797. Paxinos G, Watson C (1998) The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 4th CD-ROM Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Wu Y, Pearl SM, Zigmond MJ, Michael AC (2000) Inhibitory glutamatergic regulation of evoked dopamine release in striatum. Neuroscience 96:65-72. Freeman AS, Meltzer LT, Bunney BS (1985) Firing properties of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in freely moving rats. Life Sci 36:1983-1994. Inoue H (2000) Effects of naltrexone on the accumulation of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and on the firing rate induced by acute ethanol administration. Eur J Pharmacol 406:375-380. Yoshimoto K, McBride WJ, Lumeng L, Li TK (1992a) Ethanol enhances the release of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of HAD and LAD lines of rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16:781-785. Freeman AS, Bunney BS (1987) Activity of A9 and A10 dopaminergic neurons in unrestrained rats: further characterization and effects of apomorphine and cholecystokinin. Brain Res 405:46-55. Michael D, Travis ER, Wightman RM (1998) Color images for fast-scan CV measurements in biological systems. Anal Chem 70:586A-592A. Foddai M, Dosia G, Spiga S, Diana M (2004) Acetaldehyde increases dopaminergic neuronal activity in the VTA. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:530-536. Yim HJ, Gonzales RA (2000) Ethanol-induced increases in dopamine extracellular concentration in rat nucleus accumbens are accounted for by increased release and not uptake inhibition. Alcohol 22:107-115. Ericson M, Lof E, Stomberg R, Chau P, Soderpalm B (2008) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the anterior, but not posterior, ventral tegmental area mediate ethanol-induced elevation of accumbal dopamine levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 326:76-82. Heien ML, Khan AS, Ariansen JL, Cheer JF, Phillips PE, Was 1996; 706 2004; 29 2002; 114 2004; 7 1990; 508 2004; 24 2000; 95 2007; 191 1998; 80 2007; 30 1998; 85 2006; 577 2005; 29 1992; 51 2006; 60 1999; 817 2003; 128 1992a; 16 1999; 19 2005; 102 2003; 6 1997; 14 2000; 96 2008; 28 2006; 26 2000; 406 2005; 30 2003; 49 1992; 49 1996; 379 2008; 154 1994; 72 1992b; 9 2007; 26 2007; 27 1986; 239 1995; 52 1997; 776 2006; 95 1986; 473 2000; 24 2004; 47 2000; 22 1987; 405 2000; 20 1998 2007 2008; 326 1985; 348 2002; 82 2004; 90 2007; 10 2007; 56 1994; 42 1984; 292 1987; 139 2004; 14 2002a; 26 2003; 27 1998; 70 2002b; 22 1998; 71 2003; 422 2003; 23 1985; 36 e_1_2_6_51_1 e_1_2_6_32_1 e_1_2_6_70_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 e_1_2_6_72_1 e_1_2_6_19_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_59_1 Imperato A (e_1_2_6_25_1) 1986; 239 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_55_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_57_1 e_1_2_6_62_1 e_1_2_6_64_1 e_1_2_6_43_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 e_1_2_6_41_1 e_1_2_6_60_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_49_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_66_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_45_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 e_1_2_6_47_1 e_1_2_6_68_1 e_1_2_6_52_1 e_1_2_6_54_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_50_1 e_1_2_6_71_1 Avshalumov MV (e_1_2_6_3_1) 2003; 23 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_35_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_33_1 Robinson DL (e_1_2_6_53_1) 2007 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_39_1 e_1_2_6_56_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_37_1 e_1_2_6_58_1 e_1_2_6_63_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_65_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_40_1 e_1_2_6_61_1 e_1_2_6_8_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_48_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_29_1 e_1_2_6_44_1 e_1_2_6_67_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_46_1 e_1_2_6_69_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Gessa GL, Muntoni F, Collu M, Vargiu L, Mereu G (1985) Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res 348:201-203. – reference: Mereu G, Fadda F, Gessa GL (1984) Ethanol stimulates the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 292:63-69. – reference: Heien ML, Phillips PE, Stuber GD, Seipel AT, Wightman RM (2003) Overoxidation of carbon-fiber microelectrodes enhances dopamine adsorption and increases sensitivity. Analyst 128:1413-1419. – reference: Logman MJ, Budygin EA, Gainetdinov RR, Wightman RM (2000) Quantitation of in vivo measurements with carbon fiber microelectrodes. J Neurosci Methods 95:95-102. – reference: Rice ME, Cragg SJ (2004) Nicotine amplifies reward-related dopamine signals in striatum. Nat. Neurosci 7:583-584. – reference: Ikemoto S (2007) Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex. Brain Res Rev 56:27-78. – reference: Ericson M, Lof E, Stomberg R, Chau P, Soderpalm B (2008) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the anterior, but not posterior, ventral tegmental area mediate ethanol-induced elevation of accumbal dopamine levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 326:76-82. – reference: Pennartz CM, Groenewegen HJ, Lopes da Silva FH (1994) The nucleus accumbens as a complex of functionally distinct neuronal ensembles: an integration of behavioural, electrophysiological and anatomical data. Prog Neurobiol 42:719-761. – reference: Mathews TA, John CE, Lapa GB, Budygin EA, Jones SR (2006) No role of the dopamine transporter in acute ethanol effects on striatal dopamine dynamics. Synapse 60:288-294. – reference: Robinson DL, Heien ML, Wightman RM (2002b) Frequency of dopamine concentration transients increases in dorsal and ventral striatum of male rats during introduction of conspecifics. J Neurosci 22:10477-10486. – reference: Freeman AS, Meltzer LT, Bunney BS (1985) Firing properties of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in freely moving rats. Life Sci 36:1983-1994. – reference: Stuber GD, Roitman MF, Phillips PE, Carelli RM, Wightman RM (2005) Rapid dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens during contingent and noncontingent cocaine administration. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:853-863. – reference: Robinson DL, Venton BJ, Heien ML, Wightman RM (2003) Detecting subsecond dopamine release with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in vivo. Clin Chem 49:1763-1773. – reference: Brodie MS, Shefner SA, Dunwiddie TV (1990) Ethanol increases the firing rate of dopamine neurons of the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro. Brain Res 508:65-69. – reference: Haber SN, Fudge JL, McFarland NR (2000) Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum. J Neurosci 20:2369-2382. – reference: Wightman RM, Heien ML, Wassum KM, Sombers LA, Aragona BJ, Khan AS, Ariansen JL, Cheer JF, Phillips PE, Carelli RM (2007) Dopamine release is heterogeneous within microenvironments of the rat nucleus accumbens. Eur J Neurosci 26:2046-2054. – reference: Cheer JF, Wassum KM, Sombers LA, Heien ML, Ariansen JL, Aragona BJ, Phillips PE, Wightman RM (2007) Phasic dopamine release evoked by abused substances requires cannabinoid receptor activation. J Neurosci 27:791-795. – reference: Kawagoe KT, Garris PA, Wiedemann DJ, Wightman RM (1992) Regulation of transient dopamine concentration gradients in the microenvironment surrounding nerve terminals in the rat striatum. 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J Neurosci 26:3206-3209. – reference: Yim HJ, Gonzales RA (2000) Ethanol-induced increases in dopamine extracellular concentration in rat nucleus accumbens are accounted for by increased release and not uptake inhibition. Alcohol 22:107-115. – reference: Howard EC, Schier CJ, Wetzel JS, Duvauchelle CL, Gonzales RA (2008) The shell of the nucleus accumbens has a higher dopamine response compared with the core after non-contingent intravenous ethanol administration. Neuroscience 154:1042-1053. – reference: Carelli RM, Wightman RM (2004) Functional microcircuitry in the accumbens underlying drug addiction: insights from real-time signaling during behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14:763-768. – reference: Rodd ZA, Melendez RI, Bell RL, Kuc KA, Zhang Y, Murphy JM, McBride WJ (2004) Intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the ventral tegmental area of male Wistar rats: evidence for involvement of dopamine neurons. 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J Pharmacol Exp Ther 239:219-228. – reference: Margolis EB, Lock H, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL (2006) The ventral tegmental area revisited: is there an electrophysiological marker for dopaminergic neurons? J Physiol 577:907-924. – reference: Avshalumov MV, Chen BT, Marshall SP, Pena DM, Rice ME (2003) Glutamate-dependent inhibition of dopamine release in striatum is mediated by a new diffusible messenger, H2O2. J Neurosci 23:2744-2750. – reference: Janak PH, Chang JY, Woodward DJ (1999) Neuronal spike activity in the nucleus accumbens of behaving rats during ethanol self-administration. Brain Res 817:172-184. – reference: Yang H, Peters JL, Michael AC (1998) Coupled effects of mass transfer and uptake kinetics on in vivo microdialysis of dopamine. J Neurochem 71:684-692. – reference: Yim HJ, Robinson DL, White ML, Jaworski JN, Randall PK, Lancaster FE, Gonzales RA (2000) Dissociation between the time course of ethanol and extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens after a single intraperitoneal injection. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:781-788. – reference: Day JJ, Roitman MF, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2007) Associative learning mediates dynamic shifts in dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens. Nat Neurosci 10:1020-1028. – reference: Kiianmaa K, Nurmi M, Nykanen I, Sinclair JD (1995) Effect of ethanol on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:29-34. – reference: Di Chiara G, Imperato A (1986) Preferential stimulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by opiates, alcohol, and barbiturates: studies with transcerebral dialysis in freely moving rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 473:367-381. – reference: Samson HH, Hodge CW, Erickson HL, Niehus JS, Gerhardt GA, Kalivas PW, Floyd EA (1997) The effects of local application of ethanol in the n. accumbens on dopamine overflow and clearance. Alcohol 14:485-492. – reference: Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM (2007) Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology 191:461-482. – reference: Margolis EB, Mitchell JM, Ishikawa J, Hjelmstad GO, Fields HL (2008) Midbrain dopamine neurons: projection target determines action potential duration and dopamine D(2) receptor inhibition. J Neurosci 28:8908-8913. – reference: Yoshimoto K, McBride WJ, Lumeng L, Li TK (1992a) Ethanol enhances the release of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of HAD and LAD lines of rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16:781-785. – reference: Michael D, Travis ER, Wightman RM (1998) Color images for fast-scan CV measurements in biological systems. Anal Chem 70:586A-592A. – reference: Robinson DL, Volz TJ, Schenk JO, Wightman RM (2005) Acute ethanol decreases dopamine transporter velocity in rat striatum: in vivo and in vitro electrochemical measurements. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:746-755. – reference: Robinson DL, Carelli RM (2008) Distinct subsets of nucleus accumbens neurons encode operant responding for ethanol versus water. Eur J Neurosci 28:1887-1894. – reference: Mirenowicz J, Schultz W (1994) Importance of unpredictability for reward responses in primate dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol 72:1024-1027. – reference: Paxinos G, Watson C (1998) The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 4th CD-ROM Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. – reference: Rebec GV, Christensen JR, Guerra C, Bardo MT (1997) Regional and temporal differences in real-time dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens during free-choice novelty. Brain Res 776:61-67. – reference: Zhang H, Sulzer D (2004) Frequency-dependent modulation of dopamine release by nicotine. Nat Neurosci 7:581-582. – reference: Inoue H (2000) Effects of naltrexone on the accumulation of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and on the firing rate induced by acute ethanol administration. Eur J Pharmacol 406:375-380. – reference: Schultz W (2007) Behavioral dopamine signals. Trends Neurosci 30:203-210. – reference: Heien ML, Khan AS, Ariansen JL, Cheer JF, Phillips PE, Wassum KM, Wightman RM (2005) Real-time measurement of dopamine fluctuations after cocaine in the brain of behaving rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:10023-10028. – reference: Yan QS (1999) Extracellular dopamine and serotonin after ethanol monitored with 5-minute microdialysis. Alcohol 19:1-7. – reference: Aragona BJ, Cleaveland NA, Stuber GD, Day JJ, Carelli RM, Wightman RM (2008) Preferential enhancement of dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens shell by cocaine is attributable to a direct increase in phasic dopamine release events. J Neurosci 28:8821-8831. – reference: Jones SR, Mathews TA, Budygin EA (2006) Effect of moderate ethanol dose on dopamine uptake in rat nucleus accumbens in vivo. Synapse 60:251-255. – reference: Hyland BI, Reynolds JN, Hay J, Perk CG, Miller R (2002) Firing modes of midbrain dopamine cells in the freely moving rat. Neuroscience 114:475-492. – reference: Wightman RM, Robinson DL (2002) Transient changes in mesolimbic dopamine and their association with 'reward'. J Neurochem 82:721-735. – reference: Wu Y, Pearl SM, Zigmond MJ, Michael AC (2000) Inhibitory glutamatergic regulation of evoked dopamine release in striatum. 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| Snippet | Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol... Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol... Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol increases... Background: Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens fluctuate on phasic (subsecond) and tonic (over minutes) timescales in awake rats. Acute ethanol... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning Animals Biological and medical sciences Dopamine Dopamine - biosynthesis Dopamine - physiology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Ethanol Ethanol - pharmacology Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Male Medical sciences Microdialysis Microdialysis - methods Nucleus Accumbens - drug effects Nucleus Accumbens - metabolism Phasic Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Time Factors Toxicology |
| Title | Disparity Between Tonic and Phasic Ethanol-Induced Dopamine Increases in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats |
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