Comparison of knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with a posterior cruciate ligament injury
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surg...
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 831 - 836 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
01.03.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.28.831 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. [Results] Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec. [Conclusion] Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients’ ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements. |
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| AbstractList | [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. [Results] Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec. [Conclusion] Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients' ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements.[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. [Results] Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec. [Conclusion] Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients' ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements. [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. [Results] Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec. [Conclusion] Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients' ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements. [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. [Results] Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60°/sec, 180°/sec, and 240°/sec. [Conclusion] Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients’ ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty high school rugby players with a previous posterior cruciate ligament injury and abnormal findings higher than surgical grade I were included. Laxity with 132 N of pressure was measured using Kneelax 3 to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament, and flexor and extensor torques were measured at 60 degree /sec, 180 degree /sec, and 240 degree /sec to measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee joint. The average and standard deviation values were extracted from all data to assess the measured data. Results: Regarding the ipsilateral and contralateral laxity, the deviation value at the peak force and maximum manual drawer was statistically significant. The peak torque and peak torque per body weight in isokinetic measurements were significantly different only for knee extensor torque at 60 degree /sec, 180 degree /sec, and 240 degree /sec. Conclusion: Return to normal activities post injury is important. Thus base data gathered by comparing patients' ipsilateral and contralateral sides will serve as essential criteria for structuring future rehabilitation programs to facilitate functional improvements. |
| Author | Jeon, Kyoungkyu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Jeon, Kyoungkyu organization: Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University: 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27134367$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00980.x 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.04.006 10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30305-7 10.1177/03635465000280040701 10.1177/03635465990270030201 10.4085/1062-6050-47.6.10 10.1589/jpts.24.351 10.1519/00124278-200708000-00017 10.1007/s00167-006-0183-x 10.5763/kjsm.2013.31.1.1 10.1053/jars.2000.9240 10.1097/00003086-199211000-00027 10.1177/0363546508330146 10.1007/s00167-003-0441-0 10.5435/00124635-201009000-00003 10.51979/KSSLS.2008.11.34.975 10.1589/jpts.27.2825 10.1177/0363546504270481 10.1002/art.10339 10.1055/s-0030-1248188 10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.142 10.1053/joca.1998.0166 10.1007/s00402-002-0471-y 10.1589/jpts.27.2709 10.1007/s00167-011-1412-5 10.1589/jpts.25.383 10.1136/bjsm.34.2.94 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.11.013 10.1589/jpts.25.697 10.1177/036354659602400310 10.1136/bjsm.35.1.38 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.05.007 10.2165/00007256-200232060-00004 10.1055/s-0032-1313916 |
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| Keywords | Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury Isokinetic muscle strength Knee laxity |
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| References | 1) Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, et al.: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: mechanisms and risk factors. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2010, 18: 520–527. 6) Barber FA, Fanelli GC, Matthews LS, et al.: The treatment of complete posterior cruciate ligament tears. Arthroscopy, 2000, 16: 725–731. 21) Ko TS, Han GS, Cho BJ: Effect of 24 weeks of physical activity therapy on the low leg muscular strength. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 24: 351–353. 9) An KO, Park GD, Lee JC: Effects of acceleration training 24 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on proprioceptive and dynamic balancing functions. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 27: 2825–2828. 7) Castle TH Jr, Noyes FR, Grood ES: Posterior tibial subluxation of the posterior cruciate-deficient knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1992, (284): 193–202. 28) Bottini E, Poggi EJ, Luzuriaga F, et al.: Incidence and nature of the most common rugby injuries sustained in Argentina (1991–1997). Br J Sports Med, 2000, 34: 94–97. 15) Park SK, Stefanyshyn DJ, Ramage B, et al.: Alterations in knee joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in healthy women leads to increases in joint loads during selected athletic movements. Am J Sports Med, 2009, 37: 1169–1177. 18) Boynton MD, Tietjens BR: Long-term followup of the untreated isolated posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med, 1996, 24: 306–310. 35) Messier SP, Glasser JL, Ettinger WH Jr, et al.: Declines in strength and balance in older adults with chronic knee pain: a 30-month longitudinal, observational study. Arthritis Rheum, 2002, 47: 141–148. 8) McLean SG, Huang X, van den Bogert AJ: Association between lower extremity posture at contact and peak knee valgus moment during sidestepping: implications for ACL injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2005, 20: 863–870. 20) Andrews JR, Edwards JC, Satterwhite YE: Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. History, mechanism of injury, physical findings, and ancillary tests. Clin Sports Med, 1994, 13: 519–530. 34) Kim JH, Hwang JH, Ko MJ, et al.: The effects of knee pain on the quadriceps strength, proprioception and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Korean J Sports Med, 2013, 31: 1–6. 19) Margheritini F, Rihn J, Musahl V, et al.: Posterior cruciate ligament injuries in the athlete: an anatomical, biomechanical and clinical review. Sports Med, 2002, 32: 393–408. 27) Jee YS: The changes of pain degree, range of motion, and musculo-articulation functions in athletes with isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. Korean J Phys Educ, 2002, 41: 501–515. 10) Allen CR, Livesay GA, Wong EK, et al.: Injury and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 1999, 7: 110–121. 30) Ott B, Cosby NL, Grindstaff TL, et al.: Hip and knee muscle function following aerobic exercise in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2011, 21: 631–637. 33) Möller M, Lind K, Styf J, et al.: The reliability of isokinetic testing of the ankle joint and a heel-raise test for endurance. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2005, 13: 60–71. 3) Ferber R, Kendall KD, Farr L: Changes in knee biomechanics after a hip-abductor strengthening protocol for runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train, 2011, 46: 142–149. 32) Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, et al.: Effects of two days of isokinetic training on strength and electromyographic amplitude in the agonist and antagonist muscles. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21: 757–762. 4) Witvrouw E, Lysens R, Bellemans J, et al.: Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population. A two-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 2000, 28: 480–489. 5) Wind WM Jr, Bergfeld JA, Parker RD: Evaluation and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: revisited. Am J Sports Med, 2004, 32: 1765–1775. 26) Yosmaoglu HB, Baltaci G, Ozer H, et al.: Effects of additional gracilis tendon harvest on muscle torque, motor coordination, and knee laxity in ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19: 1287–1292. 11) Fanelli GC, Edson CJ, Orcutt DR, et al.: Treatment of combined anterior cruciate-posterior cruciate ligament-medial-lateral side knee injuries. J Knee Surg, 2005, 18: 240–248. 14) Lee AJ, Garraway WM, Hepburn W, et al.: Influence of rugby injuries on players’ subsequent health and lifestyle: beginning a long term follow up. Br J Sports Med, 2001, 35: 38–42. 13) Schulz MS, Russe K, Weiler A, et al.: Epidemiology of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2003, 123: 186–191. 24) Paine R, Lowe W: Comparison of Kneelax and KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometers. J Knee Surg, 2012, 25: 151–154. 12) Shelbourne KD, Davis TJ, Patel DV: The natural history of acute, isolated, nonoperatively treated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 1999, 27: 276–283. 2) Li B, Shen P, Wang JS, et al.: Therapeutic effects of tibial support braces on posterior stability after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendon graft. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2015, 51: 163–170. 17) Shelbourne KD, Muthukaruppan Y: Subjective results of nonoperatively treated, acute, isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arthroscopy, 2005, 21: 457–461. 36) Lee CS, Kwon YK, Kim BY: The effects of 8 weeks isokinetic exercise on torque variables of knee joint in anterior cruciate ligament patient women. Korean J Soc Sport Leis Studis, 2008, 34: 975–984. 16) Sugimoto D, Myer GD, Bush HM, et al.: Compliance with neuromuscular training and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in female athletes: a meta-analysis. J Athl Train, 2012, 47: 714–723. 25) Iwata S, Suda Y, Nagura T, et al.: Clinical disability in posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients does not relate to knee laxity, but relates to dynamic knee function during stair descending. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2007, 15: 258–265. 31) Kang DY, Kim HS, Lee KS, et al.: The effects of bodyweight-based exercise with blood flow restriction on isokinetic knee muscular function and thigh circumference in college students. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 27: 2709–2712. 23) Tan SS, van Linschoten RL, van Middelkoop M, et al.: Cost-utility of exercise therapy in adolescents and young adults suffering from the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2010, 20: 568–579. 22) Kimura A: The effects of hamstring stretching on leg rotation during knee extension. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25: 697–703. 29) Kim SH, Kwon OY, Park KN, et al.: Correlation between the angle of lateral tibial rotation and the ratio of medial and lateral hamstring muscle activities during standing knee flexion. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25: 383–386. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 32 11 33 12 34 13 35 14 36 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 36) Lee CS, Kwon YK, Kim BY: The effects of 8 weeks isokinetic exercise on torque variables of knee joint in anterior cruciate ligament patient women. Korean J Soc Sport Leis Studis, 2008, 34: 975–984. – reference: 25) Iwata S, Suda Y, Nagura T, et al.: Clinical disability in posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients does not relate to knee laxity, but relates to dynamic knee function during stair descending. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2007, 15: 258–265. – reference: 10) Allen CR, Livesay GA, Wong EK, et al.: Injury and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 1999, 7: 110–121. – reference: 35) Messier SP, Glasser JL, Ettinger WH Jr, et al.: Declines in strength and balance in older adults with chronic knee pain: a 30-month longitudinal, observational study. Arthritis Rheum, 2002, 47: 141–148. – reference: 23) Tan SS, van Linschoten RL, van Middelkoop M, et al.: Cost-utility of exercise therapy in adolescents and young adults suffering from the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2010, 20: 568–579. – reference: 8) McLean SG, Huang X, van den Bogert AJ: Association between lower extremity posture at contact and peak knee valgus moment during sidestepping: implications for ACL injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2005, 20: 863–870. – reference: 28) Bottini E, Poggi EJ, Luzuriaga F, et al.: Incidence and nature of the most common rugby injuries sustained in Argentina (1991–1997). Br J Sports Med, 2000, 34: 94–97. – reference: 34) Kim JH, Hwang JH, Ko MJ, et al.: The effects of knee pain on the quadriceps strength, proprioception and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Korean J Sports Med, 2013, 31: 1–6. – reference: 5) Wind WM Jr, Bergfeld JA, Parker RD: Evaluation and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: revisited. Am J Sports Med, 2004, 32: 1765–1775. – reference: 14) Lee AJ, Garraway WM, Hepburn W, et al.: Influence of rugby injuries on players’ subsequent health and lifestyle: beginning a long term follow up. Br J Sports Med, 2001, 35: 38–42. – reference: 3) Ferber R, Kendall KD, Farr L: Changes in knee biomechanics after a hip-abductor strengthening protocol for runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train, 2011, 46: 142–149. – reference: 7) Castle TH Jr, Noyes FR, Grood ES: Posterior tibial subluxation of the posterior cruciate-deficient knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1992, (284): 193–202. – reference: 9) An KO, Park GD, Lee JC: Effects of acceleration training 24 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on proprioceptive and dynamic balancing functions. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 27: 2825–2828. – reference: 17) Shelbourne KD, Muthukaruppan Y: Subjective results of nonoperatively treated, acute, isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arthroscopy, 2005, 21: 457–461. – reference: 24) Paine R, Lowe W: Comparison of Kneelax and KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometers. J Knee Surg, 2012, 25: 151–154. – reference: 27) Jee YS: The changes of pain degree, range of motion, and musculo-articulation functions in athletes with isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. Korean J Phys Educ, 2002, 41: 501–515. – reference: 29) Kim SH, Kwon OY, Park KN, et al.: Correlation between the angle of lateral tibial rotation and the ratio of medial and lateral hamstring muscle activities during standing knee flexion. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25: 383–386. – reference: 19) Margheritini F, Rihn J, Musahl V, et al.: Posterior cruciate ligament injuries in the athlete: an anatomical, biomechanical and clinical review. Sports Med, 2002, 32: 393–408. – reference: 30) Ott B, Cosby NL, Grindstaff TL, et al.: Hip and knee muscle function following aerobic exercise in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2011, 21: 631–637. – reference: 1) Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, et al.: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: mechanisms and risk factors. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2010, 18: 520–527. – reference: 33) Möller M, Lind K, Styf J, et al.: The reliability of isokinetic testing of the ankle joint and a heel-raise test for endurance. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2005, 13: 60–71. – reference: 11) Fanelli GC, Edson CJ, Orcutt DR, et al.: Treatment of combined anterior cruciate-posterior cruciate ligament-medial-lateral side knee injuries. J Knee Surg, 2005, 18: 240–248. – reference: 31) Kang DY, Kim HS, Lee KS, et al.: The effects of bodyweight-based exercise with blood flow restriction on isokinetic knee muscular function and thigh circumference in college students. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 27: 2709–2712. – reference: 22) Kimura A: The effects of hamstring stretching on leg rotation during knee extension. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25: 697–703. – reference: 6) Barber FA, Fanelli GC, Matthews LS, et al.: The treatment of complete posterior cruciate ligament tears. Arthroscopy, 2000, 16: 725–731. – reference: 12) Shelbourne KD, Davis TJ, Patel DV: The natural history of acute, isolated, nonoperatively treated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 1999, 27: 276–283. – reference: 32) Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, et al.: Effects of two days of isokinetic training on strength and electromyographic amplitude in the agonist and antagonist muscles. J Strength Cond Res, 2007, 21: 757–762. – reference: 21) Ko TS, Han GS, Cho BJ: Effect of 24 weeks of physical activity therapy on the low leg muscular strength. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015, 24: 351–353. – reference: 26) Yosmaoglu HB, Baltaci G, Ozer H, et al.: Effects of additional gracilis tendon harvest on muscle torque, motor coordination, and knee laxity in ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19: 1287–1292. – reference: 13) Schulz MS, Russe K, Weiler A, et al.: Epidemiology of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2003, 123: 186–191. – reference: 16) Sugimoto D, Myer GD, Bush HM, et al.: Compliance with neuromuscular training and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in female athletes: a meta-analysis. J Athl Train, 2012, 47: 714–723. – reference: 2) Li B, Shen P, Wang JS, et al.: Therapeutic effects of tibial support braces on posterior stability after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendon graft. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2015, 51: 163–170. – reference: 18) Boynton MD, Tietjens BR: Long-term followup of the untreated isolated posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med, 1996, 24: 306–310. – reference: 4) Witvrouw E, Lysens R, Bellemans J, et al.: Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population. A two-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 2000, 28: 480–489. – reference: 20) Andrews JR, Edwards JC, Satterwhite YE: Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. History, mechanism of injury, physical findings, and ancillary tests. Clin Sports Med, 1994, 13: 519–530. – reference: 15) Park SK, Stefanyshyn DJ, Ramage B, et al.: Alterations in knee joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in healthy women leads to increases in joint loads during selected athletic movements. 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| Snippet | [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury.... Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury.... [Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Isokinetic muscle strength Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury Knee laxity Original |
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| Title | Comparison of knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with a posterior cruciate ligament injury |
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