The efficacy of music therapy for people with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Aims and objectives To (1) perform a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant...

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Published inJournal of clinical nursing Vol. 24; no. 23-24; pp. 3425 - 3440
Main Authors Chang, Yu-Shiun, Chu, Hsin, Yang, Chyn-Yng, Tsai, Jui-Chen, Chung, Min-Huey, Liao, Yuan-Mei, Chi, Mei-ju, Liu, Megan F., Chou, Kuei-Ru
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2015
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0962-1067
1365-2702
DOI10.1111/jocn.12976

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Abstract Aims and objectives To (1) perform a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects. Background Present study was the first to perform a meta‐analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years. Design A meta‐analysis study design. Methods Quantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta‐analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators. Results Music therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges’ g = −0·66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0·44 to −0·88] and anxiety levels (Hedges’ g = −0·51; 95% CI = −0·02 to −1·00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges’ g = −0·39; 95% CI = 0·01 to −0·78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges’ g = 0·19; 95% CI = 0·45 to −0·08). Conclusion Music therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning. Relevance to clinical practice Individual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost‐effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well‐being of patients with dementia.
AbstractList To (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects. Present study was the first to perform a meta-analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years. A meta-analysis study design. Quantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators. Music therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges' g = -0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.44 to -0.88] and anxiety levels (Hedges' g = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.02 to -1.00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges' g = -0.39; 95% CI = 0.01 to -0.78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges' g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.45 to -0.08). Music therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning. Individual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost-effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well-being of patients with dementia.
To (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects. Present study was the first to perform a meta-analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years. A meta-analysis study design. Quantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators. Music therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges' g = -0·66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0·44 to -0·88] and anxiety levels (Hedges' g = -0·51; 95% CI = -0·02 to -1·00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges' g = -0·39; 95% CI = 0·01 to -0·78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges' g = 0·19; 95% CI = 0·45 to -0·08). Music therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning. Individual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost-effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well-being of patients with dementia.
Aims and objectives To (1) perform a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects. Background Present study was the first to perform a meta‐analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years. Design A meta‐analysis study design. Methods Quantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta‐analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators. Results Music therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges’ g = −0·66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0·44 to −0·88] and anxiety levels (Hedges’ g = −0·51; 95% CI = −0·02 to −1·00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges’ g = −0·39; 95% CI = 0·01 to −0·78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges’ g = 0·19; 95% CI = 0·45 to −0·08). Conclusion Music therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning. Relevance to clinical practice Individual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost‐effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well‐being of patients with dementia.
To (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects. Present study was the first to perform a meta-analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years. A meta-analysis study design. Quantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators. Music therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges' g = -0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.44 to -0.88] and anxiety levels (Hedges' g = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.02 to -1.00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges' g = -0.39; 95% CI = 0.01 to -0.78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges' g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.45 to -0.08). Music therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning. Individual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost-effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well-being of patients with dementia. 32 references
AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive moods and cognitive functioning in people with dementia; and (2) clarify which interventions, therapists and participant characteristics exerted higher and more prominent effects.BACKGROUNDPresent study was the first to perform a meta-analysis that included all the randomised controlled trials found in literature relating to music therapy for people with dementia over the past 15 years.DESIGNA meta-analysis study design.METHODSQuantitative studies were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of music therapy on outcome indicators.RESULTSMusic therapy significantly improved disruptive behaviours [Hedges' g = -0·66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0·44 to -0·88] and anxiety levels (Hedges' g = -0·51; 95% CI = -0·02 to -1·00) in people with dementia. Music therapy might affect depressive moods (Hedges' g = -0·39; 95% CI = 0·01 to -0·78), and cognitive functioning (Hedges' g = 0·19; 95% CI = 0·45 to -0·08).CONCLUSIONMusic therapy exerted a moderately large effect on disruptive behaviours of people with dementia, a moderate effect on anxiety levels and depressive moods, and a small effect on cognitive functioning.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICEIndividual music therapy provided once a week to patients with cognitive functioning and manual guided in music intervention construction is suggested. Group music therapy is provided several times a week to reduce their disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels and depressive moods. Music therapy is a cost-effective, enjoyable, noninvasive therapy and could be useful for clinical nurses in creating an environment that is conducive to the well-being of patients with dementia.
Author Chung, Min-Huey
Chou, Kuei-Ru
Chu, Hsin
Chang, Yu-Shiun
Liu, Megan F.
Tsai, Jui-Chen
Liao, Yuan-Mei
Chi, Mei-ju
Yang, Chyn-Yng
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  surname: Chu
  fullname: Chu, Hsin
  organization: Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Chyn-Yng
  organization: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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  givenname: Jui-Chen
  surname: Tsai
  fullname: Tsai, Jui-Chen
  organization: Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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  givenname: Min-Huey
  surname: Chung
  fullname: Chung, Min-Huey
  organization: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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  givenname: Mei-ju
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  fullname: Chi, Mei-ju
  organization: School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Megan F.
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Megan F.
  organization: School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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  givenname: Kuei-Ru
  surname: Chou
  fullname: Chou, Kuei-Ru
  email: kueiru@tmu.edu.tw
  organization: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299594$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 23-24
Keywords meta-analysis
music therapy
dementia
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2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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References Sung HC, Chang AM & Abbey J (2006a) The effects of preferred music on agitation of older people with dementia in Taiwan. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, 999-1000.
Higgins JPT & Green S (2008) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated March 2011], Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford. Available at: www.cochrane-handbook.org (accessed 4 August 2015).
Sakamoto M, Ando H & Tsutou A (2013) Comparing the effects of different individualized music interventions for elderly individuals with severe dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 25, 775-784.
Sung HC, Chang SM, Lee WL & Lee MS (2006b) The effects of group music with movement intervention on agitated behaviours of institutionalized elders with dementia in Taiwan. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 14, 113-119.
Vasionyte I & Madison G (2013) Musical intervention for patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 22, 1203-1216.
Brotons M & Koger SM (2000) The impact of music therapy on language functioning in dementia. Journal of Music Therapy 37, 183-195.
Brodaty H, Green A & Koschera A (2003) Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51, 657-664.
Brotons M & Marti P (2003) Music therapy with Alzheimer's patients and their family caregivers: a pilot project. Journal of Music Therapy 40, 138-150.
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M & Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal 315, 629-634.
Hedges LV & Olkin I (1985) Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
Ueda T, Suzukamo Y, Sato M & Izumi S (2013) Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews 12, 628-641.
Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ & Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal 327, 557-560.
Rosenthal R (1991) Meta-analysis: a review. Psychosomatic Medicine 53, 247-271.
Lin Y, Chu H, Yang CY, Chen CH, Chen SG, Chang HJ, Hsieh CJ & Chou KR (2011) Effectiveness of group music intervention against agitated behavior in elderly persons with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, 670-678.
Gregory D (2002) Music listening for maintaining attention of older adults with cognitive impairments. Journal of Music Therapy 39, 244-264.
Gerdner LA & Swanson EA (1993) Effects of individualized music on confused and agitated elderly patients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 7, 284-291.
Koger SM, Chapin K & Brotons M (1999) Is music therapy an effective intervention for dementia? A meta-analytic review of literature. Journal of Music Therapy 36, 2-15.
Liu TS, Wang Y, Chen SY & Sun YH (2008) An updated meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 34, 1208-1216.
Guetin S, Portet F, Picot MC, Pommie C, Messaoudi M, Djabelkir L, Olsen AL, Cano MM, Lecourt E & Touchon J (2009) Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia: randomised, controlled study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 28, 36-46.
Rosenthal R & DiMatteo MR (2001) Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews. Annual Review of Psychology 52, 59-82.
Gerdner LA, Buckwalter KC & Reed D (2002) Impact of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver response to behavioral problems. Nursing Research 51, 363-374.
Janata P, Tomic ST & Haberman JM (2012) Sensorimotor coupling in music and the psychology of the groove. Journal of Experimental Psychology 141, 54-75.
Sung HC, Lee WL, Li TL & Watson R (2012) A group music intervention using percussion instruments with familiar music to reduce anxiety and agitation of institutionalized older adults with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 27, 621-627.
Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20, 37-46.
Goodall D & Etters L (2005) The therapeutic use of music on agitated behavior in those with dementia. Holistic Nursing Practice 19, 258-262.
Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, Foster M, Harris D & Teakle R (2010a) The effect of music on discomfort experienced by intensive care unit patients during turning: a randomized cross-over study. International Journal of Nursing Practice 16, 125-131.
Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Gentile S, Villani D & Trabucchi M (2010) Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: a randomised controlled trial. Aging & Mental Health 14, 900-904.
Cooke ML, Moyle W, Shum DH, Harrison SD & Murfield JE (2010b) A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health 14, 905-916.
Gloaguen V, Cottraux J, Cucherat M & Blackburn IM (1998) A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 49, 59-72.
Borenstein M, Hedges L & Rothstein H (2007) Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Villani D & Trabucchi M (2008) Efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 22, 158-162.
Ragneskog H, Asplund K, Kihlgren M & Norberg A (2001) Individualized music played for agitated patients with dementia: analysis of video-recorded sessions. International Journal of Nursing Practice 7, 146-155.
1993; 7
1998; 49
2002; 39
2012; 141
1997; 315
2013; 25
2010; 14
2013; 22
2002; 51
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1991; 53
2008
2007
2008; 34
2003; 51
2010b; 14
2009; 28
2006b; 14
2005; 19
2003; 327
1960; 20
2001; 7
2000; 37
2013; 12
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2008; 22
2011; 26
2012; 27
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References_xml – reference: Gerdner LA & Swanson EA (1993) Effects of individualized music on confused and agitated elderly patients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 7, 284-291.
– reference: Cooke ML, Moyle W, Shum DH, Harrison SD & Murfield JE (2010b) A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health 14, 905-916.
– reference: Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M & Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal 315, 629-634.
– reference: Borenstein M, Hedges L & Rothstein H (2007) Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
– reference: Liu TS, Wang Y, Chen SY & Sun YH (2008) An updated meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 34, 1208-1216.
– reference: Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Gentile S, Villani D & Trabucchi M (2010) Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: a randomised controlled trial. Aging & Mental Health 14, 900-904.
– reference: Rosenthal R (1991) Meta-analysis: a review. Psychosomatic Medicine 53, 247-271.
– reference: Rosenthal R & DiMatteo MR (2001) Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews. Annual Review of Psychology 52, 59-82.
– reference: Janata P, Tomic ST & Haberman JM (2012) Sensorimotor coupling in music and the psychology of the groove. Journal of Experimental Psychology 141, 54-75.
– reference: Gloaguen V, Cottraux J, Cucherat M & Blackburn IM (1998) A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 49, 59-72.
– reference: Gregory D (2002) Music listening for maintaining attention of older adults with cognitive impairments. Journal of Music Therapy 39, 244-264.
– reference: Brotons M & Koger SM (2000) The impact of music therapy on language functioning in dementia. Journal of Music Therapy 37, 183-195.
– reference: Sung HC, Lee WL, Li TL & Watson R (2012) A group music intervention using percussion instruments with familiar music to reduce anxiety and agitation of institutionalized older adults with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 27, 621-627.
– reference: Vasionyte I & Madison G (2013) Musical intervention for patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 22, 1203-1216.
– reference: Higgins JPT & Green S (2008) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated March 2011], Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford. Available at: www.cochrane-handbook.org (accessed 4 August 2015).
– reference: Koger SM, Chapin K & Brotons M (1999) Is music therapy an effective intervention for dementia? A meta-analytic review of literature. Journal of Music Therapy 36, 2-15.
– reference: Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Villani D & Trabucchi M (2008) Efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 22, 158-162.
– reference: Sung HC, Chang SM, Lee WL & Lee MS (2006b) The effects of group music with movement intervention on agitated behaviours of institutionalized elders with dementia in Taiwan. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 14, 113-119.
– reference: Brodaty H, Green A & Koschera A (2003) Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51, 657-664.
– reference: Hedges LV & Olkin I (1985) Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
– reference: Brotons M & Marti P (2003) Music therapy with Alzheimer's patients and their family caregivers: a pilot project. Journal of Music Therapy 40, 138-150.
– reference: Goodall D & Etters L (2005) The therapeutic use of music on agitated behavior in those with dementia. Holistic Nursing Practice 19, 258-262.
– reference: Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ & Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal 327, 557-560.
– reference: Lin Y, Chu H, Yang CY, Chen CH, Chen SG, Chang HJ, Hsieh CJ & Chou KR (2011) Effectiveness of group music intervention against agitated behavior in elderly persons with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, 670-678.
– reference: Ueda T, Suzukamo Y, Sato M & Izumi S (2013) Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews 12, 628-641.
– reference: Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20, 37-46.
– reference: Sung HC, Chang AM & Abbey J (2006a) The effects of preferred music on agitation of older people with dementia in Taiwan. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, 999-1000.
– reference: Gerdner LA, Buckwalter KC & Reed D (2002) Impact of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver response to behavioral problems. Nursing Research 51, 363-374.
– reference: Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, Foster M, Harris D & Teakle R (2010a) The effect of music on discomfort experienced by intensive care unit patients during turning: a randomized cross-over study. International Journal of Nursing Practice 16, 125-131.
– reference: Ragneskog H, Asplund K, Kihlgren M & Norberg A (2001) Individualized music played for agitated patients with dementia: analysis of video-recorded sessions. International Journal of Nursing Practice 7, 146-155.
– reference: Sakamoto M, Ando H & Tsutou A (2013) Comparing the effects of different individualized music interventions for elderly individuals with severe dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 25, 775-784.
– reference: Guetin S, Portet F, Picot MC, Pommie C, Messaoudi M, Djabelkir L, Olsen AL, Cano MM, Lecourt E & Touchon J (2009) Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia: randomised, controlled study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 28, 36-46.
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Snippet Aims and objectives To (1) perform a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours,...
To (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety levels, depressive...
AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo (1) perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials pertaining to the efficacy of music therapy on disruptive behaviours, anxiety...
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SubjectTerms Affect
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Dementia
Dementia - psychology
Dementia - therapy
Humans
Mental depression
Meta-analysis
Music Therapy
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Title The efficacy of music therapy for people with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
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