Contextual effects on smile perception and recognition memory

• Published in: Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) Vol. 42; no. 8; pp. 6077 - 6085
• Main Authors: Krumhuber, Eva G., Hyniewska, Sylwia, Orlowska, Anna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.03.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Authenticity; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Between-subjects design; Cooperation; Emotions; Memory; Perceptions; Psychological aspects; Psychological research; Psychology; Recognition (Psychology); Smile; Social Sciences; Visual perception; United Kingdom; Emotion; Social context; Smile; Memory; Facial expression
• ISSN: 1046-1310; 1936-4733
• DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01910-5

Most past research has focused on the role played by social context information in emotion classification, such as whether a display is perceived as belonging to one emotion category or another. The current study aims to investigate whether the effect of context extends to the interpretation of emotion displays, i.e. smiles that could be judged either as posed or spontaneous readouts of underlying positive emotion. A between-subjects design ( N  = 93) was used to investigate the perception and recall of posed smiles, presented together with a happy or polite social context scenario. Results showed that smiles seen in a happy context were judged as more spontaneous than the same smiles presented in a polite context. Also, smiles were misremembered as having more of the physical attributes (i.e., Duchenne marker) associated with spontaneous enjoyment when they appeared in the happy than polite context condition. Together, these findings indicate that social context information is routinely encoded during emotion perception, thereby shaping the interpretation and recognition memory of facial expressions.