role of microRNAs in Hepatitis C Virus replication and related liver diseases

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNA...

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Published in	The journal of microbiology Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 445 - 451
Main Authors	Lee, Chang Ho, Kim, Ji Hyun, Lee, Seong-Wook
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.06.2014 The Microbiological Society of Korea Springer Nature B.V 한국미생물학회
Subjects	Biomedical and Life Sciences blood serum chronic hepatitis clinical trials Enzymes genome Genomes Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus hepatocytes hepatoma Humans Infections Life cycles Life Sciences Liver Liver cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver Diseases - virology Microbiology microRNA MicroRNAs MicroRNAs - genetics MicroRNAs - physiology Minireview oligonucleotides pathogenesis patients Reagents translation (genetics) vaccines Viral infections virus replication Virus Replication - genetics Virus Replication - physiology Viruses 생물학 hepatitis C virus microRNA therapeutics mimics liver disease antagonist
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ISSN	1225-8873 1976-3794 1976-3794
DOI	10.1007/s12275-014-4267-x

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Abstract	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replication and its related liver diseases by directly interacting with the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associated host pathways, have broadened our understanding of the HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAs directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency and induce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCV life cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNA stability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen, an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significant reduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronically infected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved in the regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalities and briefly discuss their potential application as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of HCV infection and its related diseases.
AbstractList	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replication and its related liver diseases by directly interacting with the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associated host pathways, have broadened our understanding of the HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAs directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency and induce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCV life cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNA stability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen, an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significant reduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronically infected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved in the regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalities and briefly discuss their potential application as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of HCV infection and its related diseases. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replication and its related liver diseases by directly interacting with the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associated host pathways, have broadened our understanding of the HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAs directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency and induce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCV life cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNA stability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen, an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significant reduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronically infected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved in the regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalities and briefly discuss their potential application as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of HCV infection and its related diseases.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replication and its related liver diseases by directly interacting with the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associated host pathways, have broadened our understanding of the HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAs directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency and induce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCV life cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNA stability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen, an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significant reduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronically infected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved in the regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalities and briefly discuss their potential application as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of HCV infection and its related diseases. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currently available against HCV infection. Recent studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replication and its related liver diseases by directly interacting with the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associated host pathways, have broadened our understanding of the HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs and modulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytes for its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAs directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency and induce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCV life cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNA stability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen, an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significant reduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronically infected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved in the regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs critical for HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalities and briefly discuss their potential application as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of HCV infection and its related diseases.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problemand is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, livercirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However,only limited therapeutic options and no vaccines are currentlyavailable against HCV infection. Recent studies ofmicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are able to regulate HCV replicationand its related liver diseases by directly interactingwith the HCV genome or indirectly controlling virus-associatedhost pathways, have broadened our understanding ofthe HCV life cycle. HCV utilizes host cellular miRNAs andmodulates expression of miRNAs in infected hepatocytesfor its infection and propagation. Moreover, such miRNAsdirectly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency andinduce liver diseases including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, orHCC. Representatively, miR-122 directly modulates the HCVlife cycle by increasing HCV translation and genomic RNAstability. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial with miravirsen,an LNA form of antimiR-122 oligonucleotides, showed significantreduction in serum HCV levels in patients chronicallyinfected with HCV with no detectible evidence of resistance. In addition to miR-122, other miRNAs involved inthe regulation of HCV propagation could be targeted instrategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the features of miRNAs criticalfor HCV replication and HCV-mediated liver abnormalitiesand briefly discuss their potential application as therapeuticreagents for the treatment of HCV infection and itsrelated diseases. KCI Citation Count: 30
Author	Lee, Chang Ho Lee, Seong-Wook Kim, Ji Hyun
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Snippet	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problemand is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, livercirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma...
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SubjectTerms	Biomedical and Life Sciences blood serum chronic hepatitis clinical trials Enzymes genome Genomes Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus hepatocytes hepatoma Humans Infections Life cycles Life Sciences Liver Liver cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver Diseases - virology Microbiology microRNA MicroRNAs MicroRNAs - genetics MicroRNAs - physiology Minireview oligonucleotides pathogenesis patients Reagents translation (genetics) vaccines Viral infections virus replication Virus Replication - genetics Virus Replication - physiology Viruses 생물학
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Title	role of microRNAs in Hepatitis C Virus replication and related liver diseases
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