Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individual
Background and aims The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectiona...
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| Published in | Cardiovascular diabetology Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 148 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
02.04.2025
BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1475-2840 1475-2840 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12933-025-02710-y |
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| Abstract | Background and aims
The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects.
Methods
Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Results
Subjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (
r
= − 0.210,
P
< 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy.
Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals.
Graphical abstract |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background and aims
The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects.
Methods
Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
Results
Subjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (
r
= − 0.210,
P
< 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy.
Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals.
Graphical abstract The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects.BACKGROUND AND AIMSThe hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects.Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.METHODSMyocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.Subjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (r = - 0.210, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy.RESULTSSubjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (r = - 0.210, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy.These findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals.CONCLUSIONSThese findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals. Abstract Background and aims The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects. Methods Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels. Results Subjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (r = − 0.210, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals. Graphical abstract The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects. Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels. Subjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (r = - 0.210, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy. These findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals. Background and aimsThe hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI similarly affects the cardiovascular system in individuals with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether increased HGI levels are associated with a reduction in myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), a key predictor of cardiovascular events and heart failure, in non-diabetic subjects.MethodsMyocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed via echocardiography in a cohort of 1,074 adults with different glucose tolerance statuses, enrolled in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study. HGI was defined as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c, the latter calculated from the linear association between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.ResultsSubjects in the highest HGI quartile exhibited significantly elevated myocardial oxygen consumption and a marked reduction in MEEi compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant inverse correlation was observed between HGI and MEEi (r = − 0.210, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the strong relationship between higher HGI levels and lower MEEi, even after adjusting for several potential confounders, including sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-hour post-load glucose, glucose tolerance status, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that higher HGI values may affect myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals. |
| ArticleNumber | 148 |
| Author | Riccio, Alessia Succurro, Elena Rubino, Mariangela Mannino, Gaia Chiara Andreozzi, Francesco Sesti, Giorgio Perticone, Maria Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa Cassano, Velia Cefalo, Chiara M. A. Sciacqua, Angela |
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| Keywords | Glucose tolerance Echocardiography Cardiovascular diseases Hemoglobin glycation index Myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE) |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Background and aims
The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an... The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an elevated HGI... Background and aimsThe hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear whether an... Abstract Background and aims The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been linked to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. However, it remains unclear... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Angiology Antihypertensives Automation Biomarkers - blood Blood Glucose - metabolism Blood pressure Body mass index Cardiology Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular system Cholesterol Congestive heart failure Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Disease Echocardiography Efficiency Energy consumption Energy Metabolism Fasting Female Glucose Glucose tolerance Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis Glycated Hemoglobin - metabolism Glycosylation Heart Hemoglobin Hemoglobin glycation index Hepatitis High density lipoprotein Humans Insulin resistance Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolism Middle Aged Myocardial Contraction Myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE) Myocardium - metabolism Oxygen Consumption Plasma Regression analysis Risk factors Triglycerides Ultrasonic imaging Variables Ventricular Function, Left |
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| Title | Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individual |
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