Association between nutrition literacy and diet quality among adolescents and young adults in the rural district of Mayuge, Eastern Uganda

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 2335 - 13
• Main Authors: Buyinza, Thomas, Buzigi, Edward, Bukenya, Justine, Mbuliro, Mary, Kiwanuka, Julius, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Guwatudde, David
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 03.07.2025; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescents; Adults; Anemia; Biostatistics; Body weight; Cell phones; Cellular telephones; Child; Child development; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Diet; Diet - standards; Diet quality; Eating behavior; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Exercise; Female; Food; Food and nutrition; Food intake; Health aspects; Health education; Health literacy; Health Literacy - statistics & numerical data; Health promotion; Households; Human nutrition; Humans; Literacy; Male; Malnutrition; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Non-communicable diseases; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition literacy; Nutrition research; Obesity; Overweight; Population; Public Health; Questionnaires; Random sampling; Regression analysis; Regression models; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data; Rural youth; Sample size; Socioeconomics; Statistical sampling; Surveillance; Surveys; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teenagers; Uganda; Underweight; Vaccine; Young Adult; Young adults; Uganda; Burkina Faso; United States > US; Ethiopia; Africa; Tanzania; Young adults; Non-communicable diseases; Nutrition literacy; Adolescents; Diet quality; Malnutrition
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-23498-2

Background Adolescent malnutrition, including stunting, underweight, and micronutrient deficiency, is a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While studies from the global north and Asia have shown that nutrition literacy supports healthier diets, evidence on literacy status and its role in influencing overall diet quality among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in SSA is limited. This study assessed nutrition literacy and its association with diet quality among AYA in rural Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study was implemented as part of the ARISE-NUTRINT project. Based on Nutbeam’s model of health literacy, the study was conducted among 1206 AYA aged 10–24 years in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda, selected through stratified random sampling. Using a structured questionnaire, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was adapted to estimate diet quality, and the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale was used to assess nutrition literacy status. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between nutrition literacy and diet quality, adjusting for socio-economic characteristics. Results Among 1206 respondents (51.1% female), 85.9% were still in school, over 62% were from low socioeconomic status households, and only 14% used mobile phones. Low nutrition literacy (49%) was prevalent, with many unfamiliar with a balanced diet or ignoring dietary advice, although 62% were willing to promote healthy eating. Overall, 12.6% had poor diet quality based on GDQS, marked by frequent refined grain consumption and low fruit/vegetable intake. Having low nutrition literacy was associated with a close to five-fold increase in poor diets (adjusted OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.19–10.16) while mobile phone use was associated with better diet quality by 56% (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27–0.74). Conclusion Low nutrition literacy is a significant burden among AYA, and is strongly associated with suboptimal diet quality. Implementing targeted interventions to improve nutrition literacy can enhance diet quality among AYA in the study area.