Design, Synthesis, and Neuroprotective Effects of a Series of Pyrazolines against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 9; p. 2151
• Main Authors: Özdemir, Ahmet, Sever, Belgin, Altıntop, Mehlika Dilek, Kaya Tilki, Elif, Dikmen, Miriş
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.08.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: 2-pyrazoline; 6-hydroxydopamine; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; chalcone; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Disease; Dopamine; Drug Design; Fourier transforms; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Molecular Structure; Neurodegeneration; Neurons; Neurons - drug effects; Neurons - metabolism; Neuroprotective Agents - chemical synthesis; Neuroprotective Agents - chemistry; Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidopamine - adverse effects; Parkinson's disease; pharmacokinetic parameters; Proteins; Pyrazoles - chemical synthesis; Pyrazoles - chemistry; Pyrazoles - pharmacology; Rats; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; United States > US; chalcone; neurodegeneration; 6-hydroxydopamine; pharmacokinetic parameters; 2-pyrazoline; Parkinson’s disease
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092151

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons caused by the accumulation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Based on the neuroprotective properties of 2-pyrazoline derivatives, in the current work, 1-(phenyl/4-substituted phenyl)-3-(2-furanyl/thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazolines (3a–i, 4a–i) were synthesized via the cyclization of the chalcones (1, 2) with suitable phenylhydrazine hydrochloride derivatives. All these compounds were investigated for their neuroprotective effects using an in vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity model of PD in the rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Adh cell line. In addition, some different pharmacokinetic parameters of all compounds were in silico predicted by the QikProp module of Schrödinger’s Maestro molecular modeling package. 4-Methylsulfonylphenyl substituted compounds 3h (20%) and 4h (23%) were determined as the most promising neuroprotective agents related to their inductive roles in cell viability when compared with the 6-OHDA-positive control group (43% and 42%, respectively). Moreover, in silico pharmacokinetic results indicated that all compounds were within the acceptable range intended for human use. According to both in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 3h and 4h draw attention as potential orally bioavailable therapeutic drug candidates against neurodegeneration in PD.