The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell
In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play...
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| Published in | Journal of innate immunity Vol. 11; no. 6; pp. 447 - 456 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel, Switzerland
S. Karger AG
01.11.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1662-811X 1662-8128 1662-8128 |
| DOI | 10.1159/000497416 |
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| Abstract | In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells. |
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| AbstractList | In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells. In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells.In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells. |
| Author | Gordon, Siamon Martinez, Fernando O. Zulu, Michael Z. Gray, Clive M. |
| AuthorAffiliation | a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom c Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan e National Health Laboratory Services/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa d Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – name: c Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan – name: b Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom – name: d Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom – name: e National Health Laboratory Services/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael Z. surname: Zulu fullname: Zulu, Michael Z. – sequence: 2 givenname: Fernando O. surname: Martinez fullname: Martinez, Fernando O. – sequence: 3 givenname: Siamon surname: Gordon fullname: Gordon, Siamon – sequence: 4 givenname: Clive M. surname: Gray fullname: Gray, Clive M. email: clive.gray@uct.ac.za |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30970346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. Copyright © 2019 by S. Karger AG, Basel 2019 |
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| Title | The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell |
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