Histopathological Evaluation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression in Myocarditis—Rationale for the Diagnostic Use of Somatostatin Receptor Imaging

Background/Objectives: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known...

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Published inDiagnostics (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 21; p. 2374
Main Authors Polte, Christian L., Visuttijai, Kittichate, Vukusic, Kristina, Sandstedt, Joakim, Sandstedt, Mikael, Bobbio, Emanuele, Björkenstam, Marie, Karason, Kristjan, Bergh, Niklas, Bollano, Entela, Oldfors, Anders
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.11.2024
MDPI
Subjects
Antibodies
Biopsy
cardiac sarcoidosis
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease
Diagnosis
Diagnostic imaging
giant-cell myocarditis
histopathology
imaging
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Kardiologi och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar
Myocarditis
positron emission tomography
Sarcoidosis
somatostatin receptor
somatostatin receptor imaging
Statistical analysis
Tomography
Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc
Sweden
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
somatostatin receptor
cardiac sarcoidosis
myocarditis
histopathology
giant-cell myocarditis
positron emission tomography
somatostatin receptor imaging
imaging
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI10.3390/diagnostics14212374

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Abstract Background/Objectives: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis. Methods: In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis (n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars. Results: In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
AbstractList Background/Objectives: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis. Methods: In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis (n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars. Results: In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
Background/Objectives: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis. Methods: In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis ( n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis ( n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis ( n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars. Results: In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis.In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis (n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars.In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls.In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis. In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis ( = 5), giant-cell myocarditis ( = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis ( = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars. In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMyocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on inflammatory cells to visualize myocardial inflammation. However, little is known about the histopathological correlate of SSTR imaging in different forms of myocarditis.In the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis (n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars.METHODSIn the present retrospective histopathological study, we systematically analysed the expression of SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) on inflammatory cells of 33 patients with biopsy- or explant-proven myocarditis (lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 5), giant-cell myocarditis (n = 11), and cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 17)), and in eight controls (multi-organ donors) without signs of myocardial inflammation and/or scars.In all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls.RESULTSIn all patients, immunohistochemical staining for SSTR2 was positive in areas with CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Staining for SSTR2 was most prominent in the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The colocalization of both SSTR2 and CD68 on the same cell could be confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting confirmed the upregulated expression of SSTR2 in cases of granulomatous inflammation (sarcoidosis) of the skeletal and heart muscle, in comparison with controls.In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, our findings demonstrate the expression of SSTR2 on the protein level on CD68-positive macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in various forms of myocarditis, which provides a clear rationale for the diagnostic use of SSTR imaging in this patient group.
Audience Academic
Author Bobbio, Emanuele
Sandstedt, Joakim
Polte, Christian L.
Visuttijai, Kittichate
Karason, Kristjan
Oldfors, Anders
Sandstedt, Mikael
Vukusic, Kristina
Bergh, Niklas
Bollano, Entela
Björkenstam, Marie
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
6 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
1 Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
8 Department of Transplantation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
2 Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
3 Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
7 Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
5 Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Issue 21
Keywords somatostatin receptor
cardiac sarcoidosis
myocarditis
histopathology
giant-cell myocarditis
positron emission tomography
somatostatin receptor imaging
imaging
Language English
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Snippet Background/Objectives: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging...
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium and remains to this day a challenging diagnosis. A promising novel imaging method uses the expression...
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SubjectTerms Antibodies
Biopsy
cardiac sarcoidosis
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease
Diagnosis
Diagnostic imaging
giant-cell myocarditis
histopathology
imaging
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Kardiologi och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar
Myocarditis
positron emission tomography
Sarcoidosis
somatostatin receptor
somatostatin receptor imaging
Statistical analysis
Tomography
Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc
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Title Histopathological Evaluation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression in Myocarditis—Rationale for the Diagnostic Use of Somatostatin Receptor Imaging
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39518342
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Volume 14
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