The invisibility of men in South African violence prevention policy: national prioritization, male vulnerability, and framing prevention
South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two...
Saved in:
| Published in | Global health action Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 27649 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Taylor & Francis
01.01.2015
Taylor & Francis Ltd Co-Action Publishing Taylor & Francis Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1654-9716 1654-9880 |
| DOI | 10.3402/gha.v8.27649 |
Cover
| Abstract | South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two decades, there have been a plethora of South African policies to promote safety. However, indications suggest that the policy response to violence is not coherently formulated, comprehensive, or evenly implemented.
This study examines selected South African national legislative instruments in terms of their framing and definition of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention.
This study comprises a directed content analysis of selected legislative documents from South African ministries mandated to prevent violence and its consequences or tasked with the prevention of key contributors to violence. Documents were selected using an electronic keyword search method and analyzed independently by two researchers.
The legislative documents recognized the high levels of violence, confirmed the prioritization of selected vulnerable groups, especially women, children, disabled persons, and rural populations, and above all drew on criminological perspectives to emphasize tertiary prevention interventions. There is a policy focus on the protection and support of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators, but near absent recognition of men as victims.
There is a need to broaden the policy framework from primarily criminological and prosecutorial perspectives to include public health contributions. It is likewise important to enlarge the conceptions of vulnerability to include men alongside other vulnerable groups. These measures are important for shaping and resourcing prevention decisions and strengthening primary prevention approaches to violence. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two decades, there have been a plethora of South African policies to promote safety. However, indications suggest that the policy response to violence is not coherently formulated, comprehensive, or evenly implemented.
This study examines selected South African national legislative instruments in terms of their framing and definition of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention.
This study comprises a directed content analysis of selected legislative documents from South African ministries mandated to prevent violence and its consequences or tasked with the prevention of key contributors to violence. Documents were selected using an electronic keyword search method and analyzed independently by two researchers.
The legislative documents recognized the high levels of violence, confirmed the prioritization of selected vulnerable groups, especially women, children, disabled persons, and rural populations, and above all drew on criminological perspectives to emphasize tertiary prevention interventions. There is a policy focus on the protection and support of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators, but near absent recognition of men as victims.
There is a need to broaden the policy framework from primarily criminological and prosecutorial perspectives to include public health contributions. It is likewise important to enlarge the conceptions of vulnerability to include men alongside other vulnerable groups. These measures are important for shaping and resourcing prevention decisions and strengthening primary prevention approaches to violence. Background: South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two decades, there have been a plethora of South African policies to promote safety. However, indications suggest that the policy response to violence is not coherently formulated, comprehensive, or evenly implemented. Objective: This study examines selected South African national legislative instruments in terms of their framing and definition of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention. Design: This study comprises a directed content analysis of selected legislative documents from South African ministries mandated to prevent violence and its consequences or tasked with the prevention of key contributors to violence. Documents were selected using an electronic keyword search method and analyzed independently by two researchers. Results: The legislative documents recognized the high levels of violence, confirmed the prioritization of selected vulnerable groups, especially women, children, disabled persons, and rural populations, and above all drew on criminological perspectives to emphasize tertiary prevention interventions. There is a policy focus on the protection and support of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators, but near absent recognition of men as victims. Conclusions: There is a need to broaden the policy framework from primarily criminological and prosecutorial perspectives to include public health contributions. It is likewise important to enlarge the conceptions of vulnerability to include men alongside other vulnerable groups. These measures are important for shaping and resourcing prevention decisions and strengthening primary prevention approaches to violence. Background: South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two decades, there have been a plethora of South African policies to promote safety. However, indications suggest that the policy response to violence is not coherently formulated, comprehensive, or evenly implemented. Objective: This study examines selected South African national legislative instruments in terms of their framing and definition of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention. Design: This study comprises a directed content analysis of selected legislative documents from South African ministries mandated to prevent violence and its consequences or tasked with the prevention of key contributors to violence. Documents were selected using an electronic keyword search method and analyzed independently by two researchers. Results: The legislative documents recognized the high levels of violence, confirmed the prioritization of selected vulnerable groups, especially women, children, disabled persons, and rural populations, and above all drew on criminological perspectives to emphasize tertiary prevention interventions. There is a policy focus on the protection and support of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators, but near absent recognition of men as victims. Conclusions: There is a need to broaden the policy framework from primarily criminological and prosecutorial perspectives to include public health contributions. It is likewise important to enlarge the conceptions of vulnerability to include men alongside other vulnerable groups. These measures are important for shaping and resourcing prevention decisions and strengthening primary prevention approaches to violence. Keywords: violence; gender; vulnerable groups; prevention; policy; South Africa Citation: Glob Health Action 2015, 8: 27649 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.27649 Responsible Editor: Maria Emmelin, Lund University, Sweden. Copyright: © 2015 Ashley van Niekerk et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. Received: 18 February 2015; Revised: 22 May 2015; Accepted: 6 July 2015; Published: 29 July 2015 Competing interests and funding: None declared. The Medical Research Council of South Africa and the University of South Africa provided funding for the project. *Correspondence to: Ashley van Niekerk, Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of South Africa, PO Box 19070, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa, Email: ashley.vanniekerk@mrc.ac.za Globally, men have shorter lifespans and lose more years of their lives to death or disability than women do (1), with higher rates of heart disease, respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, and road injuries (1, 2). Young men aged 25-39 years are especially affected, possibly because of the impact of injuries (3). South Africa is one of a number of countries plagued by high levels of injuries, which are driven by widespread, often gruesome violence (4-6). The country has a violence mortality rate of 65 per 100,000, nearly five times the global average (7), with nearly 2 million people annually seeking health care for violent injuries (8). Violence is endemic among women and girls, with a significant proportion of traumatic events linked to sexual violence, which is grossly underreported (9). Whereas the rate of female homicide involving intimate partners is six times the global rate (10), the exposure of men to violence - especially to severe and homicidal forms - is also disproportionate, with male homicide rates eight times the global average and the highest rates (184 per 100,000) reported for 15-29-year-olds (7). Sexual violence toward boys and men is also notable: one study reported that 3-4% of young men are victims of rape (4), and another study highlighted its concentrations in prisons (11). Children are also vulnerable, at 5.5 homicides per 100,000 children younger than 18 years - about twice the global average. The homicide rate for boys, at 6.9 per 100,000, is nearly double that of girls, at 3.9 per 100,000. Gender differences increase with age, to reach a homicide rate among boys aged 15-17 years (21.7 per 100,000) nearly five times the rate among girls (4.6 per 100,000). Child abuse precedes nearly half of all child homicides in South Africa, with high levels of abuse underpinning vulnerability to such violence (12). There are many cases that involve sexual abuse, with 40% of girls and 17% of boys sexually abused (13). This extensive violence is compounded by episodes of high profile, state violence, such as that by the police on striking miners at Marikana in 2012 (14). Violence is determined by a range of often inseparable dynamics located at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels (15). In South Africa, violence is marked by multiple social drivers, including widespread and racialized poverty, persistent unemployment, and extreme income inequality; patriarchal notions of masculinity that celebrate toughness and risk-taking; extensive exposure to abuse in childhood; access to firearms; excessive alcohol misuse; and weaknesses in law enforcement (4). Although there has been a steady overall decrease in violent deaths over the last decade, non-fatal violence to women has remained particularly high (4, 16). In view of the complex multifaceted nature of violence, prevention efforts are expected to include multisectoral and multidisciplinary contributions and legislative mechanisms to enable a socially cohesive response (15, 17, 18). The South African government has prioritized the prevention of violence through a range of intersectoral initiatives. The recently formulated National Development Plan (NDP) aims to reduce violence by half by 2030 (19) with collaborative prevention efforts involving the health, justice, and police sectors through national government stewardship. These efforts have tended to focus on criminal justice measures and services for victims rather than on primary prevention, with gender appearing to feature significantly in the existing secondary and tertiary prevention responses (4, 20). The South African government response is aligned to the resolutions made at the Sixty-Seventh World Health Assembly (21), with a focus on strengthening health systems to address violence, especially against women, girls, and children. There is recognition that boys and young men are amongst those most affected by violence; however, the Assembly primarily emphasizes interventions for women, girls, and children. Their purpose is primarily to reduce child maltreatment and substance and alcohol abuse and to provide health and social care and/or rehabilitation for victims, but also for perpetrators. The South African response would appear aligned to this limited inclusion of support to boys (as children) in vulnerable settings, and men as perpetrators. Despite this global focus on women and children as the most important victims of violence, there is emerging recognition of men's vulnerability to violence, especially as perpetrated by male strangers or acquaintances, with pockets of recent research on male violent victimization, including sexual victimization (22), violence during conflict and post-conflict situations (23), and, more controversially, male intimate partner violence victimization (e.g. 24, 25). Despite this, the international conventions and country plans seem to have maintained a focus on policies and programs aligned to the Sixty-Seventh World Health Assembly (21). This study examines the definition and delineation of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention in selected South African national legislative instruments. Methods The focus is on key legislative documents that deal with violence prevention. The study draws on a number of core concepts that define violence prevention and policy, respectively (see Box 1). Box 1. Terminology The terminology used as a basis for the study closely follows that used by the WHO, by government or by agencies on behalf of government. Violence is defined in the World Report on Violence and Health as follows: ... the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. (26: p. 5) Violence can be further classified as self-inflicted (i.e. suicide or self-mutilation), interpersonal (i.e. homicide, intimate partner, sexual abuse, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse), and collective (i.e. political violence, acts of terrorism, and gang violence) (18). In this article the violence is restricted to interpersonal and collective forms, as the more prominent types currently in South Africa (4). The WHO states that policy can be defined in a number of different ways, with the following definition of violence prevention policy: A policy on violence and injury prevention is a document that sets out the main principles and defines goals, objectives, prioritized actions and coordination mechanisms, for preventing intentional and unintentional injuries and reducing their health consequences. (18: p. 5) Source documents This study uses public health conceptualizations of violence prevention policy (15, 18). For purposes of the initial keyword search, documents searched included white papers, green papers, dra BACKGROUNDSouth Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men, especially to severe and homicidal forms of aggression, is of considerable concern, with male homicide eight times the global rate. In the last two decades, there have been a plethora of South African policies to promote safety. However, indications suggest that the policy response to violence is not coherently formulated, comprehensive, or evenly implemented.OBJECTIVEThis study examines selected South African national legislative instruments in terms of their framing and definition of violence and its typology, vulnerable populations, and prevention.DESIGNThis study comprises a directed content analysis of selected legislative documents from South African ministries mandated to prevent violence and its consequences or tasked with the prevention of key contributors to violence. Documents were selected using an electronic keyword search method and analyzed independently by two researchers.RESULTSThe legislative documents recognized the high levels of violence, confirmed the prioritization of selected vulnerable groups, especially women, children, disabled persons, and rural populations, and above all drew on criminological perspectives to emphasize tertiary prevention interventions. There is a policy focus on the protection and support of victims and the prosecution of perpetrators, but near absent recognition of men as victims.CONCLUSIONSThere is a need to broaden the policy framework from primarily criminological and prosecutorial perspectives to include public health contributions. It is likewise important to enlarge the conceptions of vulnerability to include men alongside other vulnerable groups. These measures are important for shaping and resourcing prevention decisions and strengthening primary prevention approaches to violence. |
| Author | Tonsing, Susanne Seedat, Mohamed Jacobs, Roxanne McClure, Roderick van Niekerk, Ashley Ratele, Kopano |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 2 Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Lenasia, South Africa 1 Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council – University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia – name: 1 Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council – University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa – name: 2 Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Lenasia, South Africa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ashley surname: van Niekerk fullname: van Niekerk, Ashley email: ashley.vanniekerk@mrc.ac.za organization: Monash Injury Research InstituteMonash University, Melbourne – sequence: 2 givenname: Susanne surname: Tonsing fullname: Tonsing, Susanne organization: ViolenceInjury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council - University of South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: Mohamed surname: Seedat fullname: Seedat, Mohamed organization: Monash Injury Research InstituteMonash University, Melbourne – sequence: 4 givenname: Roxanne surname: Jacobs fullname: Jacobs, Roxanne organization: ViolenceInjury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council - University of South Africa – sequence: 5 givenname: Kopano surname: Ratele fullname: Ratele, Kopano organization: Institute for Social and Health SciencesUniversity of South Africa – sequence: 6 givenname: Roderick surname: McClure fullname: McClure, Roderick organization: Monash Injury Research InstituteMonash University, Melbourne |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kktv1DAURiNURB-wY40ssWExM_iRODaLSlXFo1IlFpS15fgx45FjD3YSNPwCfjaembZqK2DjONfnHl1b32l1FGIwVfUawQWpIX6_XMnFxBa4pTV_Vp0g2tRzzhg8utu3iB5XpzmvIaSkbcmL6hhTjBnn9KT6fbMywIXJZdc574YtiBb0JpQa-BbHYQUubHJKBjC56E1QBmySmUwYXAxgE71T2w8gyN2v9OXMxeQG92tfmIFeegOm0QeT5ME_AzJoYJPsXVg-cL2snlvps3l1-z2rvn_6eHP5ZX799fPV5cX1XDVNPcwtQqghHW9QizS2GtYUEda1neXE6E5hzpsaatp0mhDNNOREakKR5R2BbdmeVVcHr45yLcq8vUxbEaUT-0JMSyHT4JQ3guAG2dpY1mlZNwx2NbUK1opQjpk1srjOD67N2PVGq3KTJP0j6eOT4FZiGSdRNxhyhIrg3a0gxR-jyYPoXVbGexlMHLNALUSMl5UW9O0TdB3HVN48C4xRgwnBEP6P2rkQRHRPvXk49_3Ad7EowOwAqBRzTsbeIwiKXepESZ2YmNinruD4Ca7csE9AubXz_2pqD00u2Jh6-TMmr8Ugtz6mEo-gXBbkr51_AEFx8KI |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00414_022_02870_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2019_102628 crossref_primary_10_1177_1557988319882589 crossref_primary_10_1177_0192513X211042847 crossref_primary_10_1080_18902138_2023_2206683 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_024_04407_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2024_117549 crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2024_2304990 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssaho_2023_100615 crossref_primary_10_1177_0081246319854360 crossref_primary_10_1177_15562646211010641 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1080/10130950.2013.813769 10.1080/10926770903103099 10.1080/14330237.2010.10820409 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60948-X 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61814-5 10.1080/10130950.2013.778621 10.1017/S1816383110000020 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2015 Ashley van Niekerk et al. 2015 Copyright Co-Action Publishing 2015 2015 Ashley van Niekerk et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2015 Ashley van Niekerk et al. 2015 – notice: Copyright Co-Action Publishing 2015 – notice: 2015 Ashley van Niekerk et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | 0YH AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8BJ 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FQK FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH JBE K9. M0S M1P M2O MBDVC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3402/gha.v8.27649 |
| DatabaseName | Taylor & Francis Open Access CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Public Health Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library International Bibliography of the Social Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) Medical Database Research Library Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: 0YH name: Taylor & Francis Open Access url: https://www.tandfonline.com sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 5 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Public Health |
| EISSN | 1654-9880 |
| EndPage | 27649 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_3251f4ef8bda4580b46fc04c36928fea PMC4520911 3767528101 26228996 10_3402_gha_v8_27649 11818303 |
| Genre | Research Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | South Africa |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: South Africa |
| GroupedDBID | --- 0YH 29I 2WC 3V. 44B 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8WT AAWTL ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACHQT ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AEUYN AFKRA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU DIK DWQXO E3Z EAD EAP EBD EBS ECGQY EJD ESX F5P FRP FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GUQSH GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IPNFZ KQ8 M1P M2O M48 M4Z M~E O5R O5S OK1 PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RIG RPM TDBHL TFW TR2 TUS UKHRP ~8M AAYXX C1A CITATION OVT PHGZM PHGZT CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PJZUB PPXIY 7XB 8BJ 8FK FQK JBE K9. MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS PUEGO Q9U 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-f11153b95171d2fd046138b7bf93edbc299540d65bd33d8d093ad361f9b307ad3 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1654-9716 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:24:01 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 17:45:35 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 16:25:58 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 22:28:14 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 12 01:43:34 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:04:46 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:07:41 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:52:30 EDT 2025 Wed Dec 25 09:07:12 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | South Africa gender vulnerable groups prevention policy violence |
| Language | English |
| License | open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c554t-f11153b95171d2fd046138b7bf93edbc299540d65bd33d8d093ad361f9b307ad3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Responsible Editor: Maria Emmelin, Lund University, Sweden. |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3402/gha.v8.27649 |
| PMID | 26228996 |
| PQID | 1701101600 |
| PQPubID | 2030018 |
| PageCount | 1 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2215233200 crossref_citationtrail_10_3402_gha_v8_27649 proquest_miscellaneous_1701891706 crossref_primary_10_3402_gha_v8_27649 pubmed_primary_26228996 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4520911 proquest_journals_1701101600 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3251f4ef8bda4580b46fc04c36928fea informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_3402_gha_v8_27649 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2015-01-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2015-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2015 text: 2015-01-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Abingdon |
| PublicationTitle | Global health action |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Glob Health Action |
| PublicationYear | 2015 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd Co-Action Publishing Taylor & Francis Group |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd – name: Co-Action Publishing – name: Taylor & Francis Group |
| References | Sivakumaran S (CIT0023) 2010; 92 Gear S (CIT0011) 2002 Shefer T (CIT0046) 2010; 20 Vetten L (CIT0016) 2013; 27 Rosenberg ML (CIT0015) 2006 Seedat M (CIT0005) 2014; 44 Seedat M (CIT0004) 2009; 374 Mayosi B (CIT0014) 2012; 380 Clowes L (CIT0044) 2013; 27 Stevens G (CIT0017) 2003 Altbeker A (CIT0006) 2007 Mathews S (CIT0012) 2013; 91 CIT0025 Schopper D (CIT0018) 2006 CIT0029 Jewkes R (CIT0009) 2002; 55 Norman R (CIT0007) 2007; 85 Ratele K (CIT0042) 2010; 33 Kramer S (CIT0043) 2012; 10 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 353 volume-title: Social psychology and intergroup relations year: 2003 ident: CIT0017 – volume: 27 start-page: 4 year: 2013 ident: CIT0016 publication-title: Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity doi: 10.1080/10130950.2013.813769 – ident: CIT0025 doi: 10.1080/10926770903103099 – volume: 20 start-page: 511 year: 2010 ident: CIT0046 publication-title: J Psychol Afr doi: 10.1080/14330237.2010.10820409 – volume-title: A country at war with itself: South Africa's crisis of crime year: 2007 ident: CIT0006 – volume: 33 start-page: 19 year: 2010 ident: CIT0042 publication-title: S Afr Crime Q – volume: 10 start-page: 16 year: 2012 ident: CIT0043 publication-title: Afr Saf Promot J Inj Violence Prev – volume: 55 start-page: 153 year: 2002 ident: CIT0009 publication-title: Soc Sci Med – volume-title: Developing policies to prevent injuries and violence: guidelines for policy-makers and planners year: 2006 ident: CIT0018 – ident: CIT0029 – volume: 374 start-page: 68 year: 2009 ident: CIT0004 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60948-X – volume: 91 start-page: 562 year: 2013 ident: CIT0012 publication-title: WHO Bull – volume-title: Daai Ding: sex, sexual violence and coercion in men's prisons year: 2002 ident: CIT0011 – volume: 380 start-page: 1881 year: 2012 ident: CIT0014 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61814-5 – volume: 27 start-page: 12 year: 2013 ident: CIT0044 publication-title: Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity doi: 10.1080/10130950.2013.778621 – volume: 44 start-page: 134 year: 2014 ident: CIT0005 publication-title: S Afr J Psychol – volume: 85 start-page: 695 year: 2007 ident: CIT0007 publication-title: WHO Bull – start-page: 755 volume-title: Disease control priorities in developing countries year: 2006 ident: CIT0015 – volume: 92 start-page: 259 year: 2010 ident: CIT0023 publication-title: Intl Rev Red Cross doi: 10.1017/S1816383110000020 |
| SSID | ssj0063773 |
| Score | 2.060234 |
| Snippet | South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of men,... Background: South Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of... BackgroundSouth Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of... BACKGROUNDSouth Africa has a significant violence problem. The exposure of girls and women to interpersonal violence is widespread, and the victimization of... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 27649 |
| SubjectTerms | Abused children Access Acknowledgment Acquaintances Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult abuse & neglect Age differences Age Factors AIDS Alcohol abuse At risk populations Cardiovascular diseases Cerebrovascular disease Children Children & youth Children with disabilities Colleges & universities Content analysis Councils Crime Victims - legislation & jurisprudence Criminal Law - organization & administration Criminology Disabled Persons - legislation & jurisprudence Disease prevention Female Frame analysis Funding gender Health sciences HIV Homicide Human immunodeficiency virus Human settlement Human settlements Humans Injuries Interdisciplinary aspects Intimate partner violence Judicial system Law enforcement Legislation Male Management Masculinity Medical research Mens health Mortality Mothers Murders & murder attempts Original Peace Perpetrators Police Policy Policy making Poverty Prevention Prevention programs Prosecutions Public health R&D Rehabilitation Research & development Risk taking Rural communities Rural Population Rural populations Safety - legislation & jurisprudence Safety regulations Sex Factors Sexual abuse Sexual assault Sexually transmitted diseases Socioeconomics South Africa STD Substance abuse Suicide Terrorism Victimization Violence Violence - legislation & jurisprudence Violence - prevention & control Vulnerability vulnerable groups Vulnerable Populations - legislation & jurisprudence Womens health |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrZ1fb9MwEMAttKdJCLHxr2wgI8ETy5bYie3wBohp4oEnJu3NsmObVVqdarSV9g32sbmz0yqdinjhrcpZbpO7-O7c8-8Iea9sUwdTh8KIyhS1dKJoTUA2XtOBzShnXKq2-CEuLuvvV83VqNUX1oRlPHB-cGccHHCofVDWmbpRpa1FgFk6Llqmgk-hUdmW62Qqr8GCS8lzmTuHBOns17U5XalTJgUyM0cOKHH6H1BKd8WaD0smRz7o_Cl5MgSP9HP-0QfkkY-H5HHeeaP5QNEzcg-ap9OIh8ZT4esd7QOd-QjXaGqYR3NvoEhXw5EjOh84Tn2k88QJ_kTXm4Qgm_YIPsrHNU_oDDwKXS1vkFad5z-hJjoabs0M3OBorufk8vzbz68XxdBvoeggqFgUAda9hluIuWTlWHDIYufKShta7p3tGLLjSica6zh3ypUtN46LKrQWVgr4-ILsxT76V4RayFo8r1glAqsVpIAld0yarpWdaULnJuTjWgm6G2Dk2BPjRkNSgirToDK9UjqpbEI-bEbPM4TjL-O-oD43YxCdnS6AQenBoPS_DGpCyrE16EXaOQm5zYnmu7_3eG0xelgCfmsE3Sd-X7lTzLChMOcMxe82Yni38Q8bE32_zFOoFgFHE_Iy29_m3phgmCuDRG5Z5tbNb0vi9Drxw2ssfaqq1__jaR2RfQghm7wpdUz2FrdL_wbCtIV9m97IP9zJQKA priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Health & Medical Collection dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1fb9MwELdgvCAhxH8CAxkJnli2xE5shxcEiGnigScm9c2y43irtDqlayvxDfjY3NlpaKfCW5SznFh3Pt-d735HyFtl68qbyudGlCavpBN5Yzxi49UtyIxyxsVsi-_i7Lz6NqknQ8Dtekir3OjEqKhd32KM_IRhA1bOgakf5z9z7BqFt6tDC43b5E6ELgN5lpPR4RJcSp6S3Tm4SScXl-Z4rY6ZFIicuXUMRbT-G1il-yzOm4mTWyfR6QNyfzAh6afE84fkVhcekXsp_kZTWdFj8hv4T6cBS8dj-usv2ns66wK8o7FtHk0dggJdD4VHdD6gOfWBziNa8Ae6CRUCbdoj_FEq2jyiMzhX6Hp1hZjVaf4jaoKjfmFmcBhuzfWEnJ9-_fHlLB-6LuQtmBbL3IP2q7kFy0uWjnmHiOxcWWl9wztnW4YIcoUTtXWcO-WKhhvHRekbC_oCHp-Sg9CH7jmhFnyXjpesFJ5VChzBgjsmTdvI1tS-dRl5v2GCbgdIcuyMcaXBNUGWaWCZXisdWZaRd-PoeYLi-Me4z8jPcQwCaMcX_eJCD_tRc7DrfNV5ZZ2palXYSngQzpaLhinfmYwU29KglzF-4lOzE833f_dwIzF6UATXGuHuI4pfsZf8V6oz8mYkww7HaxsTun6VplANwhxl5FmSv3FtTDD0mIEidyRzZ_G7lDC9jCjiFSZAleWL___WS3IXTMQ6BZ0OycFysepegRm2tK_jXvsD86w3eA priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Taylor & Francis Open Access dbid: 0YH link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1fb9MwELfGeEFCE__pNpCR4IllJLbjOLwBYqp44IlJ48my43irtDpVaSvtG-xj785OqnaUB94in-PIufP5zr77HSHvlS2FN8JnRhYmE5WTWW08YuOVDciMcsbFaIufcnwuflyUF3tEDbkwGFaJPrRPQBFRV-PiNjZWIOHg7ny6vDKnK3XKKinqB-QhA_sQg_ny3-NBB0texbtlTNXJECQphbz_9fbWZhQx--8hlu6yO--HT27sR2dPyEFvSNIvifNPyV4bnpHH6RSOpuSi5-QWpIBOAiaQxyDYG9p5Om0DtNFYPI-mOkGBrvr0IzrrMZ26QGcRM_gzHQ4MgTbpEAQppW6e0CnsLnS1vEbk6jT-CYW_Sv3cTGFL3BjrBTk_-_7r2zjray9kDRgYi8yDDiy5BfurKhzzDnHZubKV9TVvnW0Y4sjlTpbWce6Uy2tuHJeFry1oDXh8SfZDF9rXhFrwYFpesEJ6JhS4gzl3rDJNXTWm9I0bkY8DE3TTA5NjfYxrDQ4KskwDy_RK6ciyEfmw7j1LgBz_6PcV-bnugzDasaGbX-p-VWoO1p0XrVfWGVGq3ArpQUQbLmumfGtGJN-UBr2Ipyg-lTzRfPd3jweJ0b06-KMR9D5i-eU7yQyLC3POkPxuTYZ1jpc3JrTdMg2hagQ7GpFXSf7Wc2OSod8MlGpLMrcmv00Jk6uIJS4wDKooDv9_okfkERiPZTqOOib7i_myfQMG2sK-jWvxDpl9PQA priority: 102 providerName: Taylor & Francis |
| Title | The invisibility of men in South African violence prevention policy: national prioritization, male vulnerability, and framing prevention |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3402/gha.v8.27649 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228996 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1701101600 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2215233200 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1701891706 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4520911 https://doaj.org/article/3251f4ef8bda4580b46fc04c36928fea |
| Volume | 8 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwdV1ba9swFBa9vAzG2L3ZuqDB9rQ6sy1ZkgdjrKUlDFbGWCB7EpJltYHEzrIkrP9gP3tHkm2SLn0xxkdWcM4nn4uPvoPQG6EzahW1kWKJiig3LMqVddx4WQGYEUYZX21xyYYj-mWcjfdQ2220-QN_7wztXD-p0WI6-PPr5hMs-I8u4oTw5_3VtRqsxSDljOb76BBsEnNh2FfafU9ghHMSyt7_u8PRAbPUxR1syzZ5Cv9bBKa73NDb1ZQb5uniIXrQ-JX4cwDCI7RXVo_R_ZCUw2Gv0RP0F0CBJ5XbT-5rYm9wbfGsrOAa9r30cGgbVOF1sxsJzxuKp7rCc08h_AG3-UOQTWrHiRR2cp7gGRgbvF5NHZF1mP8Eq8pgu1AzsJAbcz1Fo4vzH2fDqGnFEBXgbywjC6_EjGhwx3hiUmscTTsRmmubk9LoInW0crFhmTaEGGHinChDWGJzDS8ROH2GDqq6Ko8Q1hDQlCRJE2ZTKiA6jIlJuSpyXqjMFqaH3rVKkEXDU-7aZUwlxCtOexK0J9dCeu310Ntu9Dzwc9wx7tTpsxvjWLX9hXpxJZtFKgk4e5aWVmijaCZiTZkFxBaE5amwpeqheBMNcumTKjZ0QJFk9-8et4iRLbil48D31H7xTnHqeg0Tkjrx604My959y1FVWa_CFCJ33Ec99Dzgr3u2Fs49xLeQufXw25Jqcu2pxamrikqSF3fO-RLdA5cxC0moY3SwXKzKV-CWLXUf7cc_h3DkYw5HcZb00eHp-eW3732f6Oj7FfkPSoI_Zg |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1fb9MwELfGeAAJIf7TMcBI7Illa-zEcZAQgsHUsbGnTdqbseN4q7QmXdcW7RvwafiM3NlJaafC296inOUkujvfn9z9jpC30qSJ04mLtIh1lGRWRLl2iI2XFiAz0mrrqy0ORe84-XaSnqyQ320vDJZVtmeiP6htXWCOfJvhAFbOgakfhxcRTo3Cv6vtCI0gFvvl1U8I2S4_7H0B_m4wtvv1aKcXNVMFogJM5zhyoN0pN-BZZLFlziLiOJcmMy7npTUFQ4S0rhWpsZxbaSHk15aL2OUG9AEuYd9b5HbCuUAtkjuzkhLBs4yH4noOYdn26ZnemsotlglE6pwze346wDVs1GUe7vVCzTnLt_uA3G9cVvopyNhDslJWj8i9kO-joY3pMfkF8kb7Fbaq-3LbK1o7OigruEf9mD4aJhJVdNo0OtFhgx5VV3To0Ynf0zY1CbR-jXBLoUl0kw7AjtHp5BwxssP-m1RXlrqRHoDxndvrCTm-EX48JatVXZXPCTUQK5U8ZrFwLJEQeHa5ZZku8qzQqStsh7xrmaCKBgIdJ3GcKwiFkGUKWKamUnmWdcjGbPUwQH_8Y91n5OdsDQJ2-xv16FQ1-q84-JEuKZ00Viep7JpEOFCGAoSISVfqDunOS4Ma-3yNC8NVFF_-3PVWYlRz8FwqhNf3qIHdpeS_WtQhb2ZkOFHwN5GuynoStpA5wip1yLMgf7NvY4JhhA6UbEEyFz5-kVL1zzxqeYIFV3G89v_Xek3u9I6-H6iDvcP9F-QuuKdpSHitk9XxaFK-BBdwbF55vaPkx00r-h-0YHOI |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLZGJyEkhLgTGGAk9sSyJnYuDtKEGFu1MVRNiEl7M3Ycb5XWpHRt0f4Bv41fxfElpZ0Kb3uLYstJdO4n53wHobdMpokWiQ5FFoswyVUWFkIbbLy0BJ5hSihbbdHPDk6Sz6fp6Rr63fbCmLLKVidaRa2a0uTIu8QMYKUUiNrVvizieK_3YfQjNBOkzJ_WdpyG8GMW1I6FG_NNHkfV1U8I5y53DveA9puE9Pa_fToI_cSBsASzOgk1SH5KJXgdeayIVgaNnDKZS13QSsmSGPS0SGWpVJQqpqKCCkWzWBcSZAUu4dxbaD0HK5l00Prufv_4a2sXMprn1JXeUwjaumfnYnvGtkmeGRzPBaNoZwdcQ05d5f9eL-NcsIu9--ied2jxR8eBD9BaVT9Ed102ELsmp0foF3AjHtSmkd0W417hRuNhVcM9bIf4YTevqMYz3waFRx5bqqnxyGIXv8dt4hLWBo0BY3ItpFt4CFYOz6YXBkHbnb-FRa2wHoshmOaFsx6jkxuhyBPUqZu6eoawhEiqojGJM00SBmFpRBXJRVnkpUh1qQL0riUCLz1AupnTccEhUDIk40AyPmPckixAm_PdIwcM8o99u4ae8z0GztveaMZn3GsHTsHL1EmlmVQiSVkkk0yDqJQ0KwjTlQhQtMgNfGKzOdqNXuF09XM3Wo7hXi1dcgO-bzEFo5XLf2UsQG_my6BvzE8kUVfN1B3BCgO6FKCnjv_m30YyYuJ3WMmXOHPp45dX6sG5xTRPTDlWHD___2u9RrdB6PmXw_7RC3QHfNfUZcM2UGcynlYvwT-cyFde8DD6ftOy_ge8XH6A |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+invisibility+of+men+in+South+African+violence+prevention+policy%3A+national+prioritization%2C+male+vulnerability%2C+and+framing+prevention&rft.jtitle=Global+health+action&rft.au=van+Niekerk%2C+Ashley&rft.au=Tonsing%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Seedat%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Roxanne&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.eissn=1654-9880&rft.volume=8&rft.spage=27649&rft_id=info:doi/10.3402%2Fgha.v8.27649&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26228996&rft.externalDocID=26228996 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1654-9716&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1654-9716&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1654-9716&client=summon |