Dietary intakes of α-linolenic and linoleic acids are inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels among Japanese men

• Published in: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 29; no. 6; pp. 363 - 370
• Main Authors: Poudel-Tandukar, Kalpana, Nanri, Akiko, Matsushita, Yumi, Sasaki, Satoshi, Ohta, Masanori, Sato, Masao, Mizoue, Tetsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.06.2009; Tarrytown, N.Y.: Elsevier Science Inc; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alcoholic Beverages; alpha-linolenic acid; alpha-Linolenic Acid - administration & dosage; anti-inflammatory activity; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; blood serum; Body Mass Index; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; diet history; Diet Surveys; dietary fat; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage; fat intake; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - administration & dosage; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - prevention & control; Japan; Japanese; Japanese people; Linoleic Acid - administration & dosage; linolenic acid; Male; men; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Multivariate Analysis; n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, C-reactive protein; omega-6 fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Selection Bias; Sex Characteristics; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; unsaturated fatty acids; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Japan; AA; CRP; MET-h/wk; PUFA; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Japanese; BDHQ; LA; ALA; EPA; Cross-sectional studies; DHA; BMI; C-reactive protein; Brief self-administered diet history questionnaire; Metabolic equivalent hours per week; Arachidonic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; α-Linolenic acid; Linoleic acid; Body mass index; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Human; n-3 PUFA; Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Lipids; Serum protein; n-6 PUFA; Vertebrata; Linolenic acid; Mammalia; Food intake; Cross sectional study; Essential fatty acid; C reactive protein
• ISSN: 0271-5317; 1879-0739
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.05.012

Investigations suggest a protective role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but opposing roles of n-6 PUFA in inflammation, but the effects in vivo the human are not clear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that higher intakes of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA are associated with lower levels of inflammation among a population consuming a diet high in PUFA. This study aimed to assess the association between PUFA intake and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in a group of Japanese employees. The study subjects were 300 men and 211 women aged 21 to 67 years working in 2 municipal offices of Japan. We measured the serum high-sensitivity CRP concentrations by the latex agglutination nephelometry method and assessed dietary habits by a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. We analyzed the data using multiple linear regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Mean serum CRP concentrations tended to decrease as the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or their combination increased in men and women, although none of these relationships was statistically significant. In men, there were statistically significant inverse relationships between dietary intake of n-3 or n-6 PUFA and serum CRP concentrations ( P for trend = .03 and .008, respectively). Among specific PUFA, only α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid showed clear inverse relationships ( P for trend = .001 and .003, respectively) in men. The results suggest that increased intake of not only α-linolenic acid (n-3 PUFA) but also linoleic acid (n-6 PUFA) has a beneficial effect on systemic inflammation in men.