Elucidating the characteristics of Mx1 and resistance to influenza A virus subtype H1N1 in the newly developed KWM/Hym mice
Background Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strain...
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| Published in | Laboratory animal research Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. 1 - 7 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
08.09.2022
BMC 한국실험동물학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2233-7660 1738-6055 2233-7660 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s42826-022-00138-z |
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| Abstract | Background
Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the
Mx1
gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection.
Results
The
Mx1
gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the
Mx1
gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and
Mus spretus
mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and
M. spretus
mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL
−1
).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BackgroundInbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection.ResultsThe Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL−1).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. Background Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection. Results The Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL −1 ). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. Background: Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection. Results: The Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaqueforming units mL−1). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. KCI Citation Count: 0 Abstract Background Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection. Results The Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL−1). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection.BACKGROUNDInbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding. However, inbred mice derived from a limited genetic pool have a small genetic diversity. Thus, the development of new inbred strains from wild mice is needed to overcome this limitation. Hence, in this study, we used a new strain of inbred mice called KWM/Hym. We sequenced the Mx1 gene to elucidate the genetic diversities of KWM/Hym mice and observed the biological alterations of the Mx1 protein upon influenza A infection.The Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL-1).RESULTSThe Mx1 gene in KWM/Hym mice had 2, 4, and 38 nucleotide substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 gene in A2G, CAST/EiJ, and Mus spretus mice, respectively. Moreover, the Mx1 protein in KWM/Hym mice had 2 and 25 amino acid substitutions compared to those in the Mx1 protein in CAST/EiJ and M. spretus mice, respectively. To elucidate the function of the Mx1 protein, we inoculated the influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933) in KWM/Hym mice. Nine days after infection, all infected KWM/Hym mice survived without any weight loss. Four days after infection, the lungs of the infected KWM/Hym mice showed mild alveolitis and loss of bronchiolar epithelium; however, the pulmonary viral titers of the infected KWM/Hym mice were significantly lower than that in the infected BALB/c mice (2.17 × plaque-forming units mL-1).Our results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate that the KWM/Hym mice are resistant to influenza A virus infection. Further, these mice can be used as a model organism to understand the mechanism of influenza A virus susceptibility. |
| ArticleNumber | 28 |
| Author | Kim, Boyoung Kwon, Hyung-Joo Kim, Yoo Yeon Lee, Jong Sun Nam, Hajin Suh, Jun Gyo Park, Eun Sun Gautam, Avishekh Seong, Je Kyung |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hajin surname: Nam fullname: Nam, Hajin organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 2 givenname: Boyoung surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Boyoung organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 3 givenname: Avishekh surname: Gautam fullname: Gautam, Avishekh organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 4 givenname: Yoo Yeon surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Yoo Yeon organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 5 givenname: Eun Sun surname: Park fullname: Park, Eun Sun organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 6 givenname: Jong Sun surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Jong Sun organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 7 givenname: Hyung-Joo surname: Kwon fullname: Kwon, Hyung-Joo organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Center for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University – sequence: 8 givenname: Je Kyung surname: Seong fullname: Seong, Je Kyung organization: Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University – sequence: 9 givenname: Jun Gyo orcidid: 0000-0001-9143-6755 surname: Suh fullname: Suh, Jun Gyo email: jgsuh@hallym.ac.kr organization: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Center for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/BF00484229 10.1128/JVI.01305-15 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.311 10.1128/JVI.00514-09 10.1128/jvi.69.4.2596-2601.1995 10.1371/journal.pone.0048750 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.4.349 10.1093/genetics/98.4.801 10.1023/A:1018741312058 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810 10.1128/MMBR.00024-13 10.1534/g3.117.300438 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01160 10.1038/nature12637 10.1128/JVI.01744-15 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.01.013 10.1371/journal.pone.0004857 10.1128/JVI.01213-16 |
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| Keywords | KWM/Hym mice gene Alveolitis Influenza A (H1N1) virus |
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Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to... BackgroundInbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to... Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to inbreeding.... Abstract Background Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong... Background: Inbred mice have several advantages, including genetic similarity to humans, a well-established gene manipulation system, and strong tolerance to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alveolitis Amino acids Biomedical and Life Sciences Disease resistance Epithelium Gene manipulation Genetic diversity Inbreeding Infections Influenza A Influenza A (H1N1) virus Interferon KWM/Hym mice Life Sciences Lungs Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Mx1 gene Proteins Swine flu Vertebrates Viruses 수의학 |
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| Title | Elucidating the characteristics of Mx1 and resistance to influenza A virus subtype H1N1 in the newly developed KWM/Hym mice |
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| ispartofPNX | Laboratory Animal Research, 2022, 38(3), , pp.219-225 |
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