Factors associated with stress among pregnant women with a second child in Hunan province under China’s two-child policy: a mixed-method study

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires an...

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Published inBMC psychiatry Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 157 - 12
Main Authors Zhang, Lijuan, Huang, Ruirui, Lei, Jun, Liu, Yongrong, Liu, Dan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 22.02.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
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ISSN1471-244X
1471-244X
DOI10.1186/s12888-024-05604-7

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Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. Results A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors ( P <0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child’s acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). Conclusion The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China’s two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
AbstractList Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. Results A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child's acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). Conclusion The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China's two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child. Keywords: Pregnancy stress, China's two-child policy, Mixed methods, Factors
Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. Results A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child’s acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). Conclusion The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China’s two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's two-child policy. A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child's acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China's two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy.MethodsA mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy.ResultsA total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child’s acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload).ConclusionThe diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China’s two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's two-child policy.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's two-child policy.A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy.METHODSA mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy.A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child's acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload).RESULTSA total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child's acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload).The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China's two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.CONCLUSIONThe diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China's two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's two-child policy. A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child's acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China's two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. Results A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors ( P <0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child’s acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload). Conclusion The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China’s two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
ArticleNumber 157
Audience Academic
Author Lei, Jun
Liu, Yongrong
Zhang, Lijuan
Huang, Ruirui
Liu, Dan
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  organization: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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  fullname: Liu, Yongrong
  organization: Department of Operating room, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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  organization: Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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Pregnancy stress
China’s two-child policy
Factors
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Snippet Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China's...
Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by...
ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by...
Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among...
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SubjectTerms Age
Analysis
Care and treatment
Career development
Child & adolescent mental health
Child care
China
China’s two-child policy
Diagnosis
F factors
Factors
Families & family life
Family corporations
Family-owned business enterprises
Female
Fertility
Fetuses
Gender
Health aspects
Humans
Interviews
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mental disorders
Mental health
Methods
Mixed methods
Mixed methods research
Obstetrics
Parenting
Policy
Pregnancy
Pregnancy stress
Pregnant women
Pregnant Women - psychology
Psychiatry
Psychological aspects
Psychotherapy
Questionnaires
Sexual Behavior
Social aspects
Social factors
Social interactions
Social support
Sociodemographics
Stress
Stress (Psychology)
Surveys
Women
Womens health
Young adults
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Title Factors associated with stress among pregnant women with a second child in Hunan province under China’s two-child policy: a mixed-method study
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-024-05604-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38388417
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Volume 24
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