Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus partially responsive to oral desmopressin in a subject with lithium-induced multiple endocrinopathy

• Published in: Clinical medicine (London, England) Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 407 - 410
• Main Authors: Kamath, C, Govindan, J, Premawardhana, AD, Wood, SJ, Adlan, MA, Premawardhana, LD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2013; Royal College of Physicians
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antidiuretic Agents - administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin - administration & dosage; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic - chemically induced; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic - drug therapy; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic - metabolism; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Follow-Up Studies; General aspects; Humans; Kidneys; Lesson of the Month; Lithium - adverse effects; Male; Medical sciences; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous; Kidney disease; Human; Medicine; Desmopressin; Urinary system disease; Peptides; Antidiuretic; Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; Neurohypophyseal hormone; Oral administration; Multiple endocrinopathy; Lithium
• ISSN: 1470-2118; 1473-4893
• DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-4-407

Lithium (Li) may cause multiple endocrinopathies, including hypercalcaemia, thyroid dysfunction and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but rarely in the same patient. The management of NDI remains a challenge. We report on a patient on long-term Li who had simultaneous NDI (paired serum and urine samples had abnormal osmolalities, typical of NDI, and treatment with parenteral desmopressin failed to affect urinary volume and serum osmolality), ‘destructive’ thyroiditis (hyperthyroidism, absent radioiodine uptake and absent thyrotrophin receptor antibodies) and primary hyperparathyroidism (compatible biochemistry, urine calcium excluding ‘set point’ anomalies and hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, and normal parathyroid imaging). The thyroiditis resolved spontaneously and hypercalcaemia responded to reduction of Li dose. The NDI was unresponsive to amiloride, thiazides and ibuprofen in combination. However, urine output was reduced by 50% when a high dose of oral desmopressin was given. We conclude that Li-induced multiple endocrinopathy remains rare and, although NDI is difficult to manage, high dose oral desmopressin should be tried when other medications fail.