Blood Pressure in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study
To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m) enro...
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| Published in | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 631 - 637 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Heart Association, Inc
01.10.2008
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0194-911X 1524-4563 1524-4563 |
| DOI | 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.110635 |
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| Abstract | To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP ≥90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP ≥95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. |
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| AbstractList | To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP ≥90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP ≥95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BP's in 432 children (mean age 11y; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 44 ml/min/1.73m2) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BP's were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. GFR was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP≥90th percentile for age, gender and height. Hypertension was defined as BP≥95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were pre-hypertensive (BP 90-95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated SBP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive, and 9% were pre-hypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated DBP were taking antihypertensive medications. 54% of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP≥95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of CKD, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter CKD duration and absence of ACE inhibitor or ARB use. 37% of children with CKD had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric CKD may be frequently under- or even un-treated. Treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARB's may improve BP control in these patients. To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP ≥90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP ≥95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m super(2)) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP greater than or equal to 90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP greater than or equal to 95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP >or=90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP >or=95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP >or=95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients.To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP >or=90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP >or=95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP >or=95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP >or=90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP >or=95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP >or=95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients. |
| Author | Cole, Steven R. Furth, Susan L. Flynn, Joseph T. Mitsnefes, Mark Warady, Bradley A. Parekh, Rulan S. Pierce, Christopher |
| AuthorAffiliation | From the Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center (J.T.F.), Seattle, Wash; Children’s Hospital Medical Center (M.M.), Cincinnati, Ohio; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health (C.P., S.R.C., R.S.P., S.L.F.), Baltimore, Md; and Children’s Mercy Hospital (B.A.W.), Kansas City, MO |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: From the Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center (J.T.F.), Seattle, Wash; Children’s Hospital Medical Center (M.M.), Cincinnati, Ohio; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health (C.P., S.R.C., R.S.P., S.L.F.), Baltimore, Md; and Children’s Mercy Hospital (B.A.W.), Kansas City, MO – name: 4 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – name: 5 Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO – name: 3 Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD – name: 2 Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH – name: 1 Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joseph surname: Flynn middlename: T. fullname: Flynn, Joseph T. organization: From the Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center (J.T.F.), Seattle, Wash; Children’s Hospital Medical Center (M.M.), Cincinnati, Ohio; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health (C.P., S.R.C., R.S.P., S.L.F.), Baltimore, Md; and Children’s Mercy Hospital (B.A.W.), Kansas City, MO – sequence: 2 givenname: Mark surname: Mitsnefes fullname: Mitsnefes, Mark – sequence: 3 givenname: Christopher surname: Pierce fullname: Pierce, Christopher – sequence: 4 givenname: Steven surname: Cole middlename: R. fullname: Cole, Steven R. – sequence: 5 givenname: Rulan surname: Parekh middlename: S. fullname: Parekh, Rulan S. – sequence: 6 givenname: Susan surname: Furth middlename: L. fullname: Furth, Susan L. – sequence: 7 givenname: Bradley surname: Warady middlename: A. fullname: Warady, Bradley A. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725579$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2215/CJN.01941205 10.1542/peds.114.2.S2.555 10.1161/01.hyp.0000164577.81087.70 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)09260-4 10.1053/ajkd.2000.16225 10.1007/s00467-004-1804-6 10.1038/sj.ki.5000385 10.1056/NEJM199601043340103 10.1203/01.PDR.0000106863.90996.76 10.1097/01.ASN.0000089565.04535.4B 10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00003 10.1097/00000441-200202000-00002 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110075026 10.1007/s00467-003-1075-7 10.1093/aje/kwh090 10.1159/000101958 10.1016/S0031-3955(16)36251-4 10.1001/jama.280.19.1690 10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02254-3 10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.007 10.1007/s004670000480 10.1097/00041552-200405000-00013 |
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| References | e_1_3_2_26_2 e_1_3_2_20_2 e_1_3_2_21_2 e_1_3_2_22_2 e_1_3_2_23_2 e_1_3_2_24_2 e_1_3_2_25_2 e_1_3_2_9_2 e_1_3_2_15_2 e_1_3_2_8_2 e_1_3_2_16_2 e_1_3_2_7_2 e_1_3_2_17_2 e_1_3_2_6_2 e_1_3_2_18_2 e_1_3_2_19_2 e_1_3_2_1_2 e_1_3_2_10_2 e_1_3_2_5_2 e_1_3_2_11_2 e_1_3_2_4_2 e_1_3_2_12_2 e_1_3_2_3_2 e_1_3_2_13_2 e_1_3_2_2_2 e_1_3_2_14_2 18725582 - Hypertension. 2008 Oct;52(4):610-2. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.117242. |
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| Title | Blood Pressure in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study |
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