Genetic variation in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 influences liver fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribut...
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| Published in | Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol. 27; no. 5; pp. 951 - 956 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Melbourne, Australia
Blackwell Publishing Asia
01.05.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0815-9319 1440-1746 1440-1746 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07045.x |
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| Abstract | Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort.
Methods: A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results: APOC3 wild‐type homozygotes and variant allele (T‐455C or C‐482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride‐, high density lipoprotein‐, fasting plasma glucose, insulin‐, alanine aminotransferase‐ and aspartate aminotransferase‐concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7‐fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index.
Conclusion: Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background and Aim:
A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (
APOC3
) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in
APOC3
on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort.
Methods:
A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in
APOC3
and the known rs738409 in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (
PNPLA3
) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results:
APOC3
wild‐type homozygotes and variant allele (T‐455C or C‐482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride‐, high density lipoprotein‐, fasting plasma glucose, insulin‐, alanine aminotransferase‐ and aspartate aminotransferase‐concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the
PNPLA3
GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7‐fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The
PNPLA3
rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index.
Conclusion:
Genetic variants in
PNPLA3
but not
APOC3
contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort. Methods: A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: APOC3 wild‐type homozygotes and variant allele (T‐455C or C‐482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride‐, high density lipoprotein‐, fasting plasma glucose, insulin‐, alanine aminotransferase‐ and aspartate aminotransferase‐concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7‐fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index. Conclusion: Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort. A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. APOC3 wild-type homozygotes and variant allele (T-455C or C-482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride-, high density lipoprotein-, fasting plasma glucose, insulin-, alanine aminotransferase- and aspartate aminotransferase-concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7-fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index. Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort.BACKGROUND AND AIMA recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort.A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.METHODSA total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.APOC3 wild-type homozygotes and variant allele (T-455C or C-482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride-, high density lipoprotein-, fasting plasma glucose, insulin-, alanine aminotransferase- and aspartate aminotransferase-concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7-fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index.RESULTSAPOC3 wild-type homozygotes and variant allele (T-455C or C-482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride-, high density lipoprotein-, fasting plasma glucose, insulin-, alanine aminotransferase- and aspartate aminotransferase-concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7-fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index.Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD.CONCLUSIONGenetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort. Methods: Atotal of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: APOC3 wild-type homozygotes and variant allele (T-455C or C-482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride-, high density lipoprotein-, fasting plasma glucose, insulin-, alanine aminotransferase-and aspartate aminotransferase-concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7-fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index. Conclusion: Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD. |
| Author | Sevastianova, Ksenia Krauss, Ronald M Kotronen, Anna Hyysalo, Jenni Hakkarainen, Antti Rissanen, Aila Yki-Järvinen, Hannele Stojkovic, Ivana Lundbom, Nina Orho-Melander, Marju Makkonen, Janne Melander, Olle |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141340$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Kotronen A, Yki-Jarvinen H, Sevastianova K et al. Comparison of the relative contributions of intra-abdominal and liver fat to components of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18: 937-44. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-62. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1883-94. Miller M, Rhyne J, Chen H et al. APOC3 promoter polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C are associated with the metabolic syndrome. Arch. Med. Res. 2007; 38: 444-57. Li X, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population. Hepatology 2011; 54: 2276. Li Y, Xing C, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. Genetic variant in PNPLA3 associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in China. Hepatology 2012; 55: 327-8. Longo R, Ricci C, Masutti F et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography. Invest. Radiol. 1993; 28: 297-302. Cohn JS, Patterson BW, Uffelman KD, Davignon J, Steiner G. Rate of production of plasma and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein C-III is strongly related to the concentration and level of production of VLDL triglyceride in male subjects with different body weights and levels of insulin sensitivity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004; 89: 3949-55. Szczepaniak LS, Nurenberg P, Leonard D et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 288: E462-8. Ooi EM, Barrett PH, Chan DC, Watts GF. Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Clin. Sci. 2008; 114: 611-24. Pietilainen KH, Rissanen A, Kaprio J et al. Acquired obesity is associated with increased liver fat, intra-abdominal fat, and insulin resistance in young adult monozygotic twins. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 288: E768-74. Skogsberg J, Kannisto K, Cassel TN, Hamsten A, Eriksson P, Ehrenborg E. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta influences cholesterol metabolism in men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 637-43. Kotronen A, Johansson LE, Johansson LM et al. A common variant in PNPLA3, which encodes adiponutrin, is associated with liver fat content in humans. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1056-60. Mauger JF, Couture P, Bergeron N, Lamarche B. Apolipoprotein C-III isoforms: kinetics and relative implication in lipid metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47: 1212-18. Kotronen A, Westerbacka J, Bergholm R, Pietilainen KH, Yki-Jarvinen H. Liver fat in the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007; 92: 3490-7. Petersen KF, Dufour S, Hariri A et al. Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 362: 1082-9. Chan DC, Watts GF. Apolipoproteins as markers and managers of coronary risk. QJM 2006; 99: 277-87. Zheng C, Khoo C, Furtado J, Sacks FM. Apolipoprotein C-III and the metabolic basis for hypertriglyceridemia and the dense low-density lipoprotein phenotype. Circulation 2010; 121: 1722-34. Kotronen A, Vehkavaara S, Seppala-Lindroos A, Bergholm R, Yki-Jarvinen H. Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007; 293: E1709-15. Shin MJ, Krauss RM. Apolipoprotein CIII bound to apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with small, dense LDL independent of plasma triglyceride levels in healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211: 337-41. 2009; 52 1993; 28 2007; 293 2005; 288 2010; 18 2006; 99 2005; 366 2006; 47 2004; 89 2010; 211 2011; 53 2010; 121 2007; 92 2011; 54 2010; 362 2008; 114 2012; 55 2003; 23 2007; 38 e_1_2_7_5_2 e_1_2_7_4_2 e_1_2_7_3_2 e_1_2_7_2_2 e_1_2_7_9_2 e_1_2_7_8_2 e_1_2_7_7_2 e_1_2_7_6_2 e_1_2_7_19_2 e_1_2_7_18_2 e_1_2_7_17_2 e_1_2_7_16_2 e_1_2_7_15_2 e_1_2_7_14_2 e_1_2_7_13_2 e_1_2_7_12_2 e_1_2_7_11_2 e_1_2_7_10_2 e_1_2_7_21_2 e_1_2_7_20_2 22369128 - J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 May;27(5):848-51 |
| References_xml | – reference: Pietilainen KH, Rissanen A, Kaprio J et al. Acquired obesity is associated with increased liver fat, intra-abdominal fat, and insulin resistance in young adult monozygotic twins. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 288: E768-74. – reference: Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1883-94. – reference: Li X, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population. Hepatology 2011; 54: 2276. – reference: Kotronen A, Vehkavaara S, Seppala-Lindroos A, Bergholm R, Yki-Jarvinen H. Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007; 293: E1709-15. – reference: Zheng C, Khoo C, Furtado J, Sacks FM. Apolipoprotein C-III and the metabolic basis for hypertriglyceridemia and the dense low-density lipoprotein phenotype. Circulation 2010; 121: 1722-34. – reference: Kotronen A, Johansson LE, Johansson LM et al. A common variant in PNPLA3, which encodes adiponutrin, is associated with liver fat content in humans. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1056-60. – reference: Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-62. – reference: Mauger JF, Couture P, Bergeron N, Lamarche B. Apolipoprotein C-III isoforms: kinetics and relative implication in lipid metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 2006; 47: 1212-18. – reference: Kotronen A, Yki-Jarvinen H, Sevastianova K et al. Comparison of the relative contributions of intra-abdominal and liver fat to components of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18: 937-44. – reference: Li Y, Xing C, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. Genetic variant in PNPLA3 associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in China. Hepatology 2012; 55: 327-8. – reference: Petersen KF, Dufour S, Hariri A et al. Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 362: 1082-9. – reference: Longo R, Ricci C, Masutti F et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography. Invest. Radiol. 1993; 28: 297-302. – reference: Skogsberg J, Kannisto K, Cassel TN, Hamsten A, Eriksson P, Ehrenborg E. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta influences cholesterol metabolism in men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 637-43. – reference: Chan DC, Watts GF. Apolipoproteins as markers and managers of coronary risk. QJM 2006; 99: 277-87. – reference: Cohn JS, Patterson BW, Uffelman KD, Davignon J, Steiner G. Rate of production of plasma and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein C-III is strongly related to the concentration and level of production of VLDL triglyceride in male subjects with different body weights and levels of insulin sensitivity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004; 89: 3949-55. – reference: Szczepaniak LS, Nurenberg P, Leonard D et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 288: E462-8. – reference: Kotronen A, Westerbacka J, Bergholm R, Pietilainen KH, Yki-Jarvinen H. Liver fat in the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007; 92: 3490-7. – reference: Miller M, Rhyne J, Chen H et al. APOC3 promoter polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C are associated with the metabolic syndrome. Arch. Med. Res. 2007; 38: 444-57. – reference: Shin MJ, Krauss RM. Apolipoprotein CIII bound to apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with small, dense LDL independent of plasma triglyceride levels in healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211: 337-41. – reference: Ooi EM, Barrett PH, Chan DC, Watts GF. Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Clin. 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Sci. – volume: 293 start-page: E1709 year: 2007 end-page: 15 article-title: Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. – volume: 288 start-page: E768 year: 2005 end-page: 74 article-title: Acquired obesity is associated with increased liver fat, intra‐abdominal fat, and insulin resistance in young adult monozygotic twins publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. – volume: 362 start-page: 1082 year: 2010 end-page: 9 article-title: Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 366 start-page: 1059 year: 2005 end-page: 62 article-title: The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition publication-title: Lancet – volume: 121 start-page: 1722 year: 2010 end-page: 34 article-title: Apolipoprotein C‐III and the metabolic basis for hypertriglyceridemia and the dense low‐density lipoprotein phenotype publication-title: Circulation – volume: 38 start-page: 444 year: 2007 end-page: 57 article-title: APOC3 promoter polymorphisms C‐482T and T‐455C are associated with the metabolic syndrome publication-title: Arch. Med. Res. – volume: 23 start-page: 637 year: 2003 end-page: 43 article-title: Evidence that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta influences cholesterol metabolism in men publication-title: Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. – volume: 28 start-page: 297 year: 1993 end-page: 302 article-title: Fatty infiltration of the liver. Quantification by 1H localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with computed tomography publication-title: Invest. Radiol. – volume: 54 start-page: 2276 year: 2011 article-title: I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population publication-title: Hepatology – volume: 18 start-page: 937 year: 2010 end-page: 44 article-title: Comparison of the relative contributions of intra‐abdominal and liver fat to components of the metabolic syndrome publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring) – volume: 92 start-page: 3490 year: 2007 end-page: 7 article-title: Liver fat in the metabolic syndrome publication-title: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. – volume: 53 start-page: 1883 year: 2011 end-page: 94 article-title: Meta‐analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease publication-title: Hepatology – volume: 288 start-page: E462 year: 2005 end-page: 8 article-title: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. – volume: 47 start-page: 1212 year: 2006 end-page: 18 article-title: Apolipoprotein C‐III isoforms: kinetics and relative implication in lipid metabolism publication-title: J. Lipid Res. – volume: 211 start-page: 337 year: 2010 end-page: 41 article-title: Apolipoprotein CIII bound to apoB‐containing lipoproteins is associated with small, dense LDL independent of plasma triglyceride levels in healthy men publication-title: Atherosclerosis – volume: 99 start-page: 277 year: 2006 end-page: 87 article-title: Apolipoproteins as markers and managers of coronary risk publication-title: QJM – ident: e_1_2_7_2_2 doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00381.2004 – ident: e_1_2_7_13_2 doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2007 – ident: e_1_2_7_11_2 doi: 10.1097/00004424-199304000-00006 – ident: e_1_2_7_12_2 doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2004 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_2 doi: 10.1002/hep.24567 – ident: e_1_2_7_9_2 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcl027 – ident: e_1_2_7_3_2 doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0482 – ident: e_1_2_7_7_2 doi: 10.1002/hep.24659 – ident: e_1_2_7_18_2 doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-032056 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8 – ident: e_1_2_7_4_2 doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.326 – ident: e_1_2_7_19_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.025 – ident: e_1_2_7_8_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907295 – ident: e_1_2_7_10_2 doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1285-z – ident: e_1_2_7_16_2 doi: 10.1194/jlr.M500455-JLR200 – ident: e_1_2_7_17_2 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.875807 – ident: e_1_2_7_20_2 doi: 10.1042/CS20070308 – ident: e_1_2_7_21_2 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.10.013 – ident: e_1_2_7_5_2 doi: 10.1002/hep.24283 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_2 doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000064383.88696.24 – reference: 22369128 - J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 May;27(5):848-51 |
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| Snippet | Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117) to... Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 ( APOC3 ) (T‐455C at rs2854116 and C‐482T at rs2854117)... A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to... Background and Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Age Factors Alanine Transaminase - blood Alleles Analysis of Variance Apolipoprotein C-III - blood Apolipoprotein C-III - genetics Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Mass Index Clinical Medicine diabetes mellitus type 2 Fatty Liver - genetics Fatty Liver - pathology Female Finland Gastroenterologi och hepatologi Gastroenterology and Hepatology Homozygote Humans Insulin - blood insulin resistance Intra-Abdominal Fat Klinisk medicin Lipase - genetics Lipoproteins, HDL - blood Liver - pathology Male Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Membrane Proteins - genetics metabolic syndrome Middle Aged Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Sex Factors Statistics, Nonparametric Triglycerides - blood |
| Title | Genetic variation in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 influences liver fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
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