Contribution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Progression

In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the...

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Published inBiomedicines Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 2172
Main Authors Valenzuela-Fernández, Agustín, Cabrera-Rodríguez, Romina, Casado, Concha, Pérez-Yanes, Silvia, Pernas, María, García-Luis, Jonay, Marfil, Silvia, Olivares, Isabel, Estévez-Herrera, Judith, Trujillo-González, Rodrigo, Blanco, Julià, Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Antiviral agents
elite controllers
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
HIV
HIV (Viruses)
HIV-1 Env function
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune response
Mutation
natural control of the infection
Pathogenesis
Review
Viral infections
Viruses
United States
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI10.3390/biomedicines10092172

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Abstract In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis.
AbstractList In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis.In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis.
In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The contribution of these factors is not completely established. Several investigations have described the involvement of the immune system in the viral control. In addition, distinct HLA-B alleles, HLA-B27, -B57-58, were associated with infection control. The combination of these elements and antiviral host restriction factors results in different clinical outcomes. The role of the viral proteins in HIV-1 infection has been, however, less investigated. We will review contributions dedicated to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection focusing on studies identifying the function of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) in the clinical progression because of its essential role in the initial events of the virus life-cycle. Some analysis showed that inefficient viral Envs were dominant in non-progressor individuals. These poorly-functional viral proteins resulted in lower cellular activation, viral replication and minor viral loads. This limited viral antigenic production allows a better immune response and a lower immune exhaustion. Thus, the properties of HIV-1 Env are significant in the clinical outcome of the HIV-1 infection and AIDS pathogenesis.
Audience Academic
Author Pernas, María
Cabrera-Rodríguez, Romina
Olivares, Isabel
Blanco, Julià
Pérez-Yanes, Silvia
Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio
Casado, Concha
Trujillo-González, Rodrigo
García-Luis, Jonay
Marfil, Silvia
Valenzuela-Fernández, Agustín
Estévez-Herrera, Judith
AuthorAffiliation 3 AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, 08916 Badalona, Spain
5 Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
7 CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2 Unidad de Virología Molecular. LRIR, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
1 Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38071 La Laguna, Spain
4 Analysis Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38296 La Laguna, Spain
6 Chair of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
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Snippet In the absence of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 infection progresses to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that are the result of an entangled contribution...
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SubjectTerms Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Antiviral agents
elite controllers
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
HIV
HIV (Viruses)
HIV-1 Env function
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune response
Mutation
natural control of the infection
Pathogenesis
Review
Viral infections
Viruses
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Title Contribution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Progression
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Volume 10
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