Human Nature and the Limits (If Any) of Political Philosophy
Estlund narrates that it is often supposed that a person is not required to do anything they cannot do. "Ought" implies "can," as this is often put. Yet he states that this is not so. If there are facts of human nature of this general kind, consisting in limits to what humans wil...
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| Published in | Philosophy & public affairs Vol. 39; no. 3; pp. 207 - 237 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.06.2011
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Wiley Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0048-3915 1088-4963 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1088-4963.2011.01207.x |
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| Abstract | Estlund narrates that it is often supposed that a person is not required to do anything they cannot do. "Ought" implies "can," as this is often put. Yet he states that this is not so. If there are facts of human nature of this general kind, consisting in limits to what humans will be able to muster the will to do, they are not, simply as facts, constraints on what can soundly be prescribed or morally required. The reason is that agents' abilities and inabilities to muster their will are subject to moral evaluation in their own right. Some such inabilities are morally objectionable, others are not. Here, he argues that human nature is a constraint on some tasks in political philosophy but not on others. |
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| AbstractList | Estlund narrates that it is often supposed that a person is not required to do anything they cannot do. "Ought" implies "can," as this is often put. Yet he states that this is not so. If there are facts of human nature of this general kind, consisting in limits to what humans will be able to muster the will to do, they are not, simply as facts, constraints on what can soundly be prescribed or morally required. The reason is that agents' abilities and inabilities to muster their will are subject to moral evaluation in their own right. Some such inabilities are morally objectionable, others are not. Here, he argues that human nature is a constraint on some tasks in political philosophy but not on others. Even if it is not impossible to do whatever it is impossible to muster the will to do, perhaps it is still implausible to think one could be required to do what one could not muster the will to do. If there are facts of human nature of this general kind, consisting in limits to what humans will be able to muster the will to do, they are not, simply as facts, constraints on what can soundly be prescribed or morally required. The reason is that agents abilities and inabilities to muster their will are subject to moral evaluation in their own right. Some such inabilities are morally objectionable, others are not. The fact that some men cannot stand to be at a business meeting with a woman is a fact that must be taken as a constraint in certain practical contexts. It does not, however, force the retraction of a moral requirement to participate in meetings without gender discrimination. Nor would the fact, if it were one (which I doubt), that male sentiments of this kind are part of human nature, refute a theory according to which the male-imposed exclusion of women from the halls of economic power is unjust. I want to argue, then, that human nature more specifically, whatever motivational incapacities are possessed by humans as such is a constraint on some tasks in political philosophy but not on others. It is not, then, a general constraint on political philosophy. Adapted from the source document. |
| Author | ESTLUND, DAVID |
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| Keywords | Justice Human nature Motivation Capacity Political philosophy Limit Will |
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| Notes | istex:5F1C5B0B251EC4EA027E4C70FE6D688625958B5B ark:/67375/WNG-6K1RRWR0-M ArticleID:PAPA1207 I am grateful to many people and audiences for helpful discussions of this work while it was in progress, including University of Oslo, Goethe University Frankfurt, the Political Philosophy Workshop at Brown University, CIDE and UNAM in Mexico City, Legal Theory Workshop at University of Pennsylvania, Canadian Political Science Association meetings in Montreal, the seminar of John Ferejohn and Janos Kis (whose comments were especially instructive) at the law school at New York University, the Harvard Government Department colloquium, and a lecture at Franklin and Marshall College. I am also grateful to Nomy Arpaly for numerous helpful discussions of these ideas, and to Charles Larmore, Sharon Krause, and two anonymous referees for valuable discussions of an earlier draft. SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 |
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| Snippet | Estlund narrates that it is often supposed that a person is not required to do anything they cannot do. "Ought" implies "can," as this is often put. Yet he... Even if it is not impossible to do whatever it is impossible to muster the will to do, perhaps it is still implausible to think one could be required to do... |
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| SubjectTerms | Altruism Discrimination Distributive justice Ethics Females Human development Human Nature Humanities Justice Males Morality Normativity Personality traits Philosophy Philosophy of history. Social and political philosophy. Philosophy of law Political Philosophy Power Principles Refutation Selfishness Sex Sexism Social and political philosophy Social justice Theory of values and moral philosophy Theory of values and moral philosophy. Philosophy of action |
| Title | Human Nature and the Limits (If Any) of Political Philosophy |
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