Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation
► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate i...
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Published in | Brain and cognition Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 338 - 351 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Inc
01.12.2012
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0278-2626 1090-2147 1090-2147 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.001 |
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Abstract | ► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate intensity exercise effects persist following cessation of exercise.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. |
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AbstractList | The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g = 0.14, p less than 0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. (Contains 2 tables.) The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g = 0.14, p < 0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. ► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate intensity exercise effects persist following cessation of exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. |
Author | McMorris, Terry Hale, Beverley J. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Terry surname: McMorris fullname: McMorris, Terry email: t.mcmorris@chi.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Beverley J. surname: Hale fullname: Hale, Beverley J. |
BackLink | http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ985207$$DView record in ERIC http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26691640$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064033$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | ► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of... The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Anatomical correlates of behavior Applied psychology Arousal Attention Control Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Brain derived neurotrophic factor Catecholamines Central executive Cognition - physiology Cognition. Intelligence Cognitive Ability Correlation Effect Size Exercise - physiology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Meta Analysis Middle Aged Miscellaneous Physical Exertion - physiology Prefrontal cortex Problem Solving Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time - physiology Recall (Psychology) Reproducibility of Results Response time Sports. Leisure Task Analysis Tests Young Adult |
Title | Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation |
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