Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation

► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate i...

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Published inBrain and cognition Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 338 - 351
Main Authors McMorris, Terry, Hale, Beverley J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.12.2012
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0278-2626
1090-2147
1090-2147
DOI10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.001

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Abstract ► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate intensity exercise effects persist following cessation of exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.
AbstractList The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g = 0.14, p less than 0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. (Contains 2 tables.)
The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g = 0.14, p < 0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.
► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of processing, an inverted-U effect was demonstrated. ► Speed of central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than other tasks. ► Moderate intensity exercise effects persist following cessation of exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g=0.14, p<0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance.
Author McMorris, Terry
Hale, Beverley J.
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  givenname: Terry
  surname: McMorris
  fullname: McMorris, Terry
  email: t.mcmorris@chi.ac.uk
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Beverley J.
  surname: Hale
  fullname: Hale, Beverley J.
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Issue 3
Keywords Catecholamines
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
Prefrontal cortex
Response time
Central executive
Arousal
Physical exercise
Human
Acute
Central nervous system
Cognition
Catecholamine
Psychological effect
Velocity
Encephalon
Metaanalysis
Accuracy
Language English
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Snippet ► Acute exercise showed a moderate, positive, mean effect on speed of cognition. ► Acute exercise showed no effect on accuracy of cognition. ► For speed of...
The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on...
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StartPage 338
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Anatomical correlates of behavior
Applied psychology
Arousal
Attention Control
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
Catecholamines
Central executive
Cognition - physiology
Cognition. Intelligence
Cognitive Ability
Correlation
Effect Size
Exercise - physiology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Male
Meta Analysis
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Physical Exertion - physiology
Prefrontal cortex
Problem Solving
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Reaction Time - physiology
Recall (Psychology)
Reproducibility of Results
Response time
Sports. Leisure
Task Analysis
Tests
Young Adult
Title Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.001
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ985207
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064033
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1151034153
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1500772838
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1534833890
Volume 80
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